Design of slotted split‐ring resonator‐based sensor for characterization of oil samples

The paper aims to utilize a metamaterial (MTM) structure, specifically the slotted plus‐shapes within a square split‐ring resonator, to analyze the characteristics of the reused oil and also used to classify different oil samples. The proposed MTM structure is designed to operate within the X‐band frequency range of 8–12.4 GHz. The MTM structure is simulated using the high‐frequency EM simulation tool, and the MTM properties are extracted using standard equations. The negative permittivity and permeability characteristics of the proposed MTM structure in the X‐band are studied to verify its suitability for X‐band applications. A sample container is designed to hold the oil samples, and the experiments were carried out using an X‐band waveguide setup with Vector Network Analyzer. The results were analyzed and presented in brief to examine reused oil and classify different oils.