Survey on antenna gain and bandwidth enhancement techniques

In the current wireless communication system, the patch antennas are very interesting and in huge demand because of their lightweight, easy construction and fabrication. So the researchers are focussed to progress the bandwidth, gain, and directivity parameters by using various techniques. However, maintaining the proper bandwidth and gain is a challenging task for the researchers. The motive of this paper is the collection of various bandwidth and gain progress methods. The improvement in gain and bandwidth can be achieved by fluctuating the radiation properties considering some of the design factors like using the practice of inserting slots, various feeding techniques, the air gap technique, defected ground structure (DGS) technique, use of multiple radiating elements, proximity coupling technique, selection of the substrate with low loss tangent and antenna array technique. Any of the technique may be nominated for the required applications.