Infiltration of Outdoor PM2.5 Pollution into Homes with Evaporative Coolers in Utah County
Global use of energy-inefficient mechanical vapor-compression air conditioning (AC) is increasing dramatically for home cooling. Direct evaporative coolers (EC) offer substantial energy savings, and may provide a sustainable alternative to AC for homes in hot, dry climates. One drawback of ECs is th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainability 2024-01, Vol.16 (1), p.177 |
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| creator | Sonntag, Darrell B. Jung, Hanyong Harline, Royce P. Peterson, Tyler C. Willis, Selah E. Christensen, Taylor R. Johnston, James D. |
| description | Global use of energy-inefficient mechanical vapor-compression air conditioning (AC) is increasing dramatically for home cooling. Direct evaporative coolers (EC) offer substantial energy savings, and may provide a sustainable alternative to AC for homes in hot, dry climates. One drawback of ECs is the potential for infiltration of outdoor air pollution into homes. Prior studies on this topic are limited by small sample sizes and a lack of comparison homes. In this study, we used aerosol photometers to sample indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 16 homes with AC and 14 homes with EC in Utah County, Utah (USA) between July 2022 and August 2023. We observed a significantly larger infiltration factor (Fin) of outdoor PM2.5 in EC vs. AC homes (0.39 vs. 0.12, p = 0.026) during summer. Fin significantly increased during a wildfire smoke event that occurred during the study. During the wildfire event, EC homes offered little to no protection from outdoor PM2.5 (Fin = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85, 1.07), while AC homes offered significant protection (Fin = 0.23, 95% CI 0.15, 0.32). We recommend additional research focused on cooling pad design for the dual benefits of cooling efficiency and particle filtration. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/su16010177 |
| format | Article |
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Direct evaporative coolers (EC) offer substantial energy savings, and may provide a sustainable alternative to AC for homes in hot, dry climates. One drawback of ECs is the potential for infiltration of outdoor air pollution into homes. Prior studies on this topic are limited by small sample sizes and a lack of comparison homes. In this study, we used aerosol photometers to sample indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 16 homes with AC and 14 homes with EC in Utah County, Utah (USA) between July 2022 and August 2023. We observed a significantly larger infiltration factor (Fin) of outdoor PM2.5 in EC vs. AC homes (0.39 vs. 0.12, p = 0.026) during summer. Fin significantly increased during a wildfire smoke event that occurred during the study. During the wildfire event, EC homes offered little to no protection from outdoor PM2.5 (Fin = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85, 1.07), while AC homes offered significant protection (Fin = 0.23, 95% CI 0.15, 0.32). We recommend additional research focused on cooling pad design for the dual benefits of cooling efficiency and particle filtration.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su16010177</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Air conditioning ; Air pollution ; Airborne particulates ; Chlorofluorocarbons ; Cooking ; Cooling ; Cost control ; Energy consumption ; Humidity ; Outdoor air quality ; Temperature ; Vaping</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2024-01, Vol.16 (1), p.177</ispartof><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Aerosols Air conditioning Air pollution Airborne particulates Chlorofluorocarbons Cooking Cooling Cost control Energy consumption Humidity Outdoor air quality Temperature Vaping |
| title | Infiltration of Outdoor PM2.5 Pollution into Homes with Evaporative Coolers in Utah County |
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