Flame‐retardant epoxy resin with good smoke‐suppression endowed by chitosan–cobalt/phosphorus complex

Chitosan‐based flame‐retardant CS–Co–DOPA (CCD) was synthesized by the neutralization reaction of 10‐hydroxy‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPA) with chitosan‐cobalt complex and fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer, x‐ray dif...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of applied polymer science 2024-02, Vol.141 (6), p.n/a
Hauptverfasser: Wu, Kunxiong, Zhou, Chenyu, Pan, Zhiquan, Cheng, Qingrong, Feng, Lu, Wu, Hanjun, Zhou, Hong
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container_issue 6
container_start_page
container_title Journal of applied polymer science
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creator Wu, Kunxiong
Zhou, Chenyu
Pan, Zhiquan
Cheng, Qingrong
Feng, Lu
Wu, Hanjun
Zhou, Hong
description Chitosan‐based flame‐retardant CS–Co–DOPA (CCD) was synthesized by the neutralization reaction of 10‐hydroxy‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPA) with chitosan‐cobalt complex and fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer, x‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical emission spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterizations. The epoxy resin (EP) modified with CCD exhibited good flame retardancy. With the addition of 5 wt% CCD, the EP/CCD achieved UL‐94 V‐1 rating and possessed limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30%. Cone calorimetry (CC) test demonstrated that EP/CCD resulted in a remarkable reduction of peak smoke production rate (pSPR) and total smoke production (TSP) by 63% and 40%, respectively, showing an outstanding smoke suppression. The char residue obtained from the CC test was further characterized using SEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS techniques. The results revealed that CCD facilitated the formation of a dense and compact char layer on EP during combustion, thereby impeding gas and heat transfer. In addition, TG‐IR was employed to investigate the gas‐phase flame‐retardant effect of EP/CCD composites, which revealed that CCD promotes the release of water, CO2, and other incombustible gases, altering the decomposition path of EP. A bio‐based flame retardant derived from chitosan, CoSO4·7H2O, and DOPA was synthesized and fully characterized—it showed outstanding smoke suppression properties.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/app.54919
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The epoxy resin (EP) modified with CCD exhibited good flame retardancy. With the addition of 5 wt% CCD, the EP/CCD achieved UL‐94 V‐1 rating and possessed limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30%. Cone calorimetry (CC) test demonstrated that EP/CCD resulted in a remarkable reduction of peak smoke production rate (pSPR) and total smoke production (TSP) by 63% and 40%, respectively, showing an outstanding smoke suppression. The char residue obtained from the CC test was further characterized using SEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS techniques. The results revealed that CCD facilitated the formation of a dense and compact char layer on EP during combustion, thereby impeding gas and heat transfer. In addition, TG‐IR was employed to investigate the gas‐phase flame‐retardant effect of EP/CCD composites, which revealed that CCD promotes the release of water, CO2, and other incombustible gases, altering the decomposition path of EP. A bio‐based flame retardant derived from chitosan, CoSO4·7H2O, and DOPA was synthesized and fully characterized—it showed outstanding smoke suppression properties.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8995</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4628</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/app.54919</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Chitosan ; chitosan‐based ; Cobalt compounds ; DOPO derivatives ; Epoxy resins ; flame retardant ; Fourier transforms ; Infrared spectrometers ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Photoelectrons ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Smoke ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied polymer science, 2024-02, Vol.141 (6), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><rights>2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3329-9332eabb61bdffedb40cd2dd83802cc5f7451bc8e14048a454982a01612bdb6d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3329-9332eabb61bdffedb40cd2dd83802cc5f7451bc8e14048a454982a01612bdb6d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2409-784X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fapp.54919$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fapp.54919$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wu, Kunxiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Chenyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Zhiquan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Qingrong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Lu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Hanjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Hong</creatorcontrib><title>Flame‐retardant epoxy resin with good smoke‐suppression endowed by chitosan–cobalt/phosphorus complex</title><title>Journal of applied polymer science</title><description>Chitosan‐based flame‐retardant CS–Co–DOPA (CCD) was synthesized by the neutralization reaction of 10‐hydroxy‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPA) with chitosan‐cobalt complex and fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer, x‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical emission spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) characterizations. The epoxy resin (EP) modified with CCD exhibited good flame retardancy. With the addition of 5 wt% CCD, the EP/CCD achieved UL‐94 V‐1 rating and possessed limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30%. Cone calorimetry (CC) test demonstrated that EP/CCD resulted in a remarkable reduction of peak smoke production rate (pSPR) and total smoke production (TSP) by 63% and 40%, respectively, showing an outstanding smoke suppression. The char residue obtained from the CC test was further characterized using SEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS techniques. The results revealed that CCD facilitated the formation of a dense and compact char layer on EP during combustion, thereby impeding gas and heat transfer. In addition, TG‐IR was employed to investigate the gas‐phase flame‐retardant effect of EP/CCD composites, which revealed that CCD promotes the release of water, CO2, and other incombustible gases, altering the decomposition path of EP. 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The epoxy resin (EP) modified with CCD exhibited good flame retardancy. With the addition of 5 wt% CCD, the EP/CCD achieved UL‐94 V‐1 rating and possessed limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30%. Cone calorimetry (CC) test demonstrated that EP/CCD resulted in a remarkable reduction of peak smoke production rate (pSPR) and total smoke production (TSP) by 63% and 40%, respectively, showing an outstanding smoke suppression. The char residue obtained from the CC test was further characterized using SEM, FTIR, Raman, and XPS techniques. The results revealed that CCD facilitated the formation of a dense and compact char layer on EP during combustion, thereby impeding gas and heat transfer. In addition, TG‐IR was employed to investigate the gas‐phase flame‐retardant effect of EP/CCD composites, which revealed that CCD promotes the release of water, CO2, and other incombustible gases, altering the decomposition path of EP. 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subjects Chitosan
chitosan‐based
Cobalt compounds
DOPO derivatives
Epoxy resins
flame retardant
Fourier transforms
Infrared spectrometers
Infrared spectroscopy
Photoelectrons
Scanning electron microscopy
Smoke
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
title Flame‐retardant epoxy resin with good smoke‐suppression endowed by chitosan–cobalt/phosphorus complex
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