Phosphorus Solubilizing Microbes (PSM): Biological tool to combat salinity stress in crops

Soil salinity significantly hampers plant growth, with a major impact on productivity. Nutrient imbalances under salinity hinder plant development and yield. Crucially, salinity disrupts phosphorus (P), a vital element, affecting nutrient distribution and uptake. P scarcity in salt-affected soils necessitates additional fertilizers, raising environmental concerns. Extra fertilization is recommended to address phosphorus deficiency and achieve balanced nutrition alongside nitrogen. In tropical soils, phosphate availability is limited, making mineral solubilization key for healthy seedlings. Microbial allies, dwelling near plants, enhance mineral access, aiding nutrient uptake. These beneficial microorganisms hold promise in promoting growth and easing stress in crops. Examining soil salinization’s impact on phosphorus availability, unravelling phosphate solubilization by microbes, and their stress-alleviating role, we glimpse a future where these insights foster sustainable rice cultivation, reducing salt-induced harm and enhancing resilience. Graphical abstract