Phenotypic Diversity of Litsea cubeba in Jiangxi China and the Identification of Germplasms with Desirable Characteristics
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. is an important economic tree. We aimed to explore the phenotypic diversity of wild L. cubeba provenances from Jiangxi province and identify the germplasms with desirable characteristics. Nest variance analysis, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, path analysis, r...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Forests 2023-12, Vol.14 (12), p.2283 |
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| creator | Wang, Xuefang Ning, Xiaodan Liao, Guoxiang Fan, Guorong Shi, Xiaodeng Fu, Dan Wang, Zongde Chen, Shangxing Wang, Jiawei |
| description | Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. is an important economic tree. We aimed to explore the phenotypic diversity of wild L. cubeba provenances from Jiangxi province and identify the germplasms with desirable characteristics. Nest variance analysis, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, path analysis, redundancy analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted to compare the phenotypes of 526 wild L. cubeba trees from 27 provenances. We detected significant differences in the growth traits, fruit traits, and essential oil (EO) content of L. cubeba provenances, as well as significant differences in tree height, thousand seed dry weight, and the proportion of five essential oil components (citral, neral, geranial, D-limonene, and citronellal) within the provenances. The fresh fruit yield (FFY) was mainly determined by the ground diameter and the annual average minimum temperature. The EO content was mainly affected by the water content, annual average temperature, longitude, and latitude. The proportion of citral (CitrP) was negatively affected by extreme low temperatures. Four individual L. cubeba trees had a high FFY of over 10.00 kg·tree−1. Two trees had a high EO content exceeding 5%, with their CitrP over 80%. The provenances with high FFY were Guixi and Yushan (2.65 kg·tree−1; 2.89 kg·tree−1). The provenances with a high EO content of about 4.00% were Dayu, Yudu, Ji’an, Xinfeng, and Yushan. The provenance with the highest CitrP level (80.61%) was Ningdu. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/f14122283 |
| format | Article |
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Pers. is an important economic tree. We aimed to explore the phenotypic diversity of wild L. cubeba provenances from Jiangxi province and identify the germplasms with desirable characteristics. Nest variance analysis, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, path analysis, redundancy analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted to compare the phenotypes of 526 wild L. cubeba trees from 27 provenances. We detected significant differences in the growth traits, fruit traits, and essential oil (EO) content of L. cubeba provenances, as well as significant differences in tree height, thousand seed dry weight, and the proportion of five essential oil components (citral, neral, geranial, D-limonene, and citronellal) within the provenances. The fresh fruit yield (FFY) was mainly determined by the ground diameter and the annual average minimum temperature. The EO content was mainly affected by the water content, annual average temperature, longitude, and latitude. The proportion of citral (CitrP) was negatively affected by extreme low temperatures. Four individual L. cubeba trees had a high FFY of over 10.00 kg·tree−1. Two trees had a high EO content exceeding 5%, with their CitrP over 80%. The provenances with high FFY were Guixi and Yushan (2.65 kg·tree−1; 2.89 kg·tree−1). The provenances with a high EO content of about 4.00% were Dayu, Yudu, Ji’an, Xinfeng, and Yushan. The provenance with the highest CitrP level (80.61%) was Ningdu.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/f14122283</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Citral ; Citronellal ; Cluster analysis ; Correlation analysis ; Crop yield ; Essential oils ; Extreme cold ; Fruits ; Geranial ; Germplasm ; Limonene ; Litsea cubeba ; Low temperature ; Moisture content ; Neral ; Phenotypes ; Redundancy ; Trees ; Variance analysis ; Water content</subject><ispartof>Forests, 2023-12, Vol.14 (12), p.2283</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-32d6b5b6cee2c248d5220ac02b7d59328cb61a90e78be9f6fbe6df5572ca25be3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7512-6316 ; 0000-0002-2331-4809 ; 0000-0003-4245-1945 ; 0000-0002-6966-277X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xuefang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ning, Xiaodan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liao, Guoxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Guorong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Xiaodeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zongde</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shangxing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jiawei</creatorcontrib><title>Phenotypic Diversity of Litsea cubeba in Jiangxi China and the Identification of Germplasms with Desirable Characteristics</title><title>Forests</title><description>Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. is an important economic tree. We aimed to explore the phenotypic diversity of wild L. cubeba provenances from Jiangxi province and identify the germplasms with desirable characteristics. Nest variance analysis, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, path analysis, redundancy analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted to compare the phenotypes of 526 wild L. cubeba trees from 27 provenances. We detected significant differences in the growth traits, fruit traits, and essential oil (EO) content of L. cubeba provenances, as well as significant differences in tree height, thousand seed dry weight, and the proportion of five essential oil components (citral, neral, geranial, D-limonene, and citronellal) within the provenances. The fresh fruit yield (FFY) was mainly determined by the ground diameter and the annual average minimum temperature. The EO content was mainly affected by the water content, annual average temperature, longitude, and latitude. The proportion of citral (CitrP) was negatively affected by extreme low temperatures. Four individual L. cubeba trees had a high FFY of over 10.00 kg·tree−1. Two trees had a high EO content exceeding 5%, with their CitrP over 80%. The provenances with high FFY were Guixi and Yushan (2.65 kg·tree−1; 2.89 kg·tree−1). The provenances with a high EO content of about 4.00% were Dayu, Yudu, Ji’an, Xinfeng, and Yushan. The provenance with the highest CitrP level (80.61%) was Ningdu.</description><subject>Citral</subject><subject>Citronellal</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Crop yield</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Extreme cold</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Geranial</subject><subject>Germplasm</subject><subject>Limonene</subject><subject>Litsea cubeba</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Neral</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Redundancy</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Water content</subject><issn>1999-4907</issn><issn>1999-4907</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUU1PAjEQ3RhNJMjBf9DEkwewO_vZIwFFDIke9Lxpu1MYAl1si4q_3hKMceYwk8l7M5P3kuQ65aMsE_zOpHkKAHV2lvRSIcQwF7w6_9dfJgPv1zxGUdUC8l7y_bJC24XDjjSb0gc6T-HAOsMWFDxKpvcKlWRk2RNJu_wiNlmRlUzaloUVsnmLNpAhLQN19kicodvuNtJvPfuksGJT9OSk2mBkSid1QEc-kPZXyYWRG4-D39pP3h7uXyePw8XzbD4ZL4YaRBqGGbSlKlSpEUFDXrcFAJeag6raQmRQa1WmUnCsaoXClEZh2ZqiqEBLKBRm_eTmtHfnuvc9-tCsu72z8WQDgkdZcsjqiBqdUEu5wYas6UJ8NmaLW9KdRUNxPq5ECWUZdY6E2xNBu857h6bZOdpKd2hS3hztaP7syH4AX3d9rw</recordid><startdate>20231201</startdate><enddate>20231201</enddate><creator>Wang, Xuefang</creator><creator>Ning, Xiaodan</creator><creator>Liao, Guoxiang</creator><creator>Fan, Guorong</creator><creator>Shi, Xiaodeng</creator><creator>Fu, Dan</creator><creator>Wang, Zongde</creator><creator>Chen, Shangxing</creator><creator>Wang, Jiawei</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-6316</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-4809</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-1945</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-277X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231201</creationdate><title>Phenotypic Diversity of Litsea cubeba in Jiangxi China and the Identification of Germplasms with Desirable Characteristics</title><author>Wang, Xuefang ; 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Pers. is an important economic tree. We aimed to explore the phenotypic diversity of wild L. cubeba provenances from Jiangxi province and identify the germplasms with desirable characteristics. Nest variance analysis, multiple comparisons, correlation analysis, path analysis, redundancy analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted to compare the phenotypes of 526 wild L. cubeba trees from 27 provenances. We detected significant differences in the growth traits, fruit traits, and essential oil (EO) content of L. cubeba provenances, as well as significant differences in tree height, thousand seed dry weight, and the proportion of five essential oil components (citral, neral, geranial, D-limonene, and citronellal) within the provenances. The fresh fruit yield (FFY) was mainly determined by the ground diameter and the annual average minimum temperature. The EO content was mainly affected by the water content, annual average temperature, longitude, and latitude. The proportion of citral (CitrP) was negatively affected by extreme low temperatures. Four individual L. cubeba trees had a high FFY of over 10.00 kg·tree−1. Two trees had a high EO content exceeding 5%, with their CitrP over 80%. The provenances with high FFY were Guixi and Yushan (2.65 kg·tree−1; 2.89 kg·tree−1). The provenances with a high EO content of about 4.00% were Dayu, Yudu, Ji’an, Xinfeng, and Yushan. The provenance with the highest CitrP level (80.61%) was Ningdu.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/f14122283</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-6316</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-4809</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-1945</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-277X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Citral Citronellal Cluster analysis Correlation analysis Crop yield Essential oils Extreme cold Fruits Geranial Germplasm Limonene Litsea cubeba Low temperature Moisture content Neral Phenotypes Redundancy Trees Variance analysis Water content |
| title | Phenotypic Diversity of Litsea cubeba in Jiangxi China and the Identification of Germplasms with Desirable Characteristics |
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