87 The Cumulative and Unique Effect of Competitive Youth Participation in the United States’ Most Popular Sports on Executive Function
Objective:Engagement in sporting activities has shown improvement in executive function among youth (Contreras-Osorio et al., 2021). Additionally, participation in specific sports such as soccer has been shown to enhance executive function in youth athletes compared to same-aged non-athletes (Yongta...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2023-11, Vol.29 (s1), p.287-288 |
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| creator | Ellis-Stockley, Michael Baldini, Daniel Tupou, Talamahe’a A Forbes, Bradley Hopper, Jakob Deneen, Aubrey Hirst, Rayna |
| description | Objective:Engagement in sporting activities has shown improvement in executive function among youth (Contreras-Osorio et al., 2021). Additionally, participation in specific sports such as soccer has been shown to enhance executive function in youth athletes compared to same-aged non-athletes (Yongtawee et al., 2021). The present study aimed to examine the effects of competitive participation in the United States’ four most popular sports on executive function among youth athletes. The most popular sports, as defined by viewership, revenue, and youth participation in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, and soccer (Injai, 2022; Aspen Institute, 2020).Participants and Methods:Data from the following three executive functioning subtests were analyzed in a sample of youth athletes (n=76), aged 8-18 years (mean age=11.94): Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Letter-Number Sequencing (cognitive flexibility), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition Working Memory Index, and Golden Stroop Color-Word Inhibition. Participants completed these measures as part of a larger neuropsychological baseline assessment. Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) regression was used to examine the influence of total cumulative years playing in one or more of the four most popular sports on executive functioning. A multivariate GLM regression also investigated the unique contributions of total years playing soccer (n=40; mean age=12.40) and total years playing American football (n=32; mean age=12.03) on subtest performance. The unique contributions of basketball (n=14) and baseball (n=21) were not analyzed due to small sample size.Results:Total cumulative years playing > one of the four most popular sports significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.007) and working memory (p=.002), but not inhibition (p=0.639). Total years playing soccer also significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.029) and working memory (p=0.05), but not inhibition (p=.310). Total years playing American football did not significantly predict performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility (p=.186), working memory (p=0.150), or inhibition (p=0.277).Conclusions:In congruence with previous research, sports participation predicted enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory on certain executive tasks. Among youth athletes, prolonged competitive participation in one or more of the four most popular sports in the U.S. predicted better performa |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S1355617723004058 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2904146823</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><cupid>10_1017_S1355617723004058</cupid><sourcerecordid>2904146823</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1578-9789646e1990738b93a0aeab85ead0bd4cabdf9205efb9b9a2efaa63655c14cb3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kM1KAzEURgdRsFYfwF3A9Wgymb8spbQqVCy0XbgaksyNTelMxiQjunPpK_h6PolpLbgQVzdwv3Mu-aLonOBLgklxNSc0y3JSFAnFOMVZeRANSJqzuMhzchjeYR1v98fRiXNrjAklGA-ij7JAixWgUd_0G-71CyDe1mjZ6uce0FgpkB4ZhUam6cDrXeDR9H6FZtx6LXUXINMi3SIfNIHzUKO55x7c1_snujfOo5npgtyieWesdyjEx68g-51s0rdyaziNjhTfODjbz2G0nIwXo9t4-nBzN7qexpJkRRmzomR5mgNhDBe0FIxyzIGLMgNeY1GnkotasQRnoAQTjCegOM9pnmWSpFLQYXTx4-2sCV90vlqb3rbhZJUwnIbOyoSGFPlJSWucs6CqzuqG27eK4GpbePWn8MDQPcMbYXX9BL_q_6lv8CKE3g</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2904146823</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>87 The Cumulative and Unique Effect of Competitive Youth Participation in the United States’ Most Popular Sports on Executive Function</title><source>Cambridge University Press Journals Complete</source><creator>Ellis-Stockley, Michael ; Baldini, Daniel ; Tupou, Talamahe’a A ; Forbes, Bradley ; Hopper, Jakob ; Deneen, Aubrey ; Hirst, Rayna</creator><creatorcontrib>Ellis-Stockley, Michael ; Baldini, Daniel ; Tupou, Talamahe’a A ; Forbes, Bradley ; Hopper, Jakob ; Deneen, Aubrey ; Hirst, Rayna</creatorcontrib><description>Objective:Engagement in sporting activities has shown improvement in executive function among youth (Contreras-Osorio et al., 2021). Additionally, participation in specific sports such as soccer has been shown to enhance executive function in youth athletes compared to same-aged non-athletes (Yongtawee et al., 2021). The present study aimed to examine the effects of competitive participation in the United States’ four most popular sports on executive function among youth athletes. The most popular sports, as defined by viewership, revenue, and youth participation in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, and soccer (Injai, 2022; Aspen Institute, 2020).Participants and Methods:Data from the following three executive functioning subtests were analyzed in a sample of youth athletes (n=76), aged 8-18 years (mean age=11.94): Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Letter-Number Sequencing (cognitive flexibility), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition Working Memory Index, and Golden Stroop Color-Word Inhibition. Participants completed these measures as part of a larger neuropsychological baseline assessment. Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) regression was used to examine the influence of total cumulative years playing in one or more of the four most popular sports on executive functioning. A multivariate GLM regression also investigated the unique contributions of total years playing soccer (n=40; mean age=12.40) and total years playing American football (n=32; mean age=12.03) on subtest performance. The unique contributions of basketball (n=14) and baseball (n=21) were not analyzed due to small sample size.Results:Total cumulative years playing > one of the four most popular sports significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.007) and working memory (p=.002), but not inhibition (p=0.639). Total years playing soccer also significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.029) and working memory (p=0.05), but not inhibition (p=.310). Total years playing American football did not significantly predict performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility (p=.186), working memory (p=0.150), or inhibition (p=0.277).Conclusions:In congruence with previous research, sports participation predicted enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory on certain executive tasks. Among youth athletes, prolonged competitive participation in one or more of the four most popular sports in the U.S. predicted better performance on measures of cognitive flexibility and working memory. Furthermore, protracted participation in soccer predicted enhanced performance on measures of cognitive flexibility and working memory, whereas extended participation in American football did not. Future research should examine this effect in larger samples within all four sports. Examining the cumulative length of competitive participation in these popular sports on executive function could present a favorable developmental outcome of youth participation if competitive participation is sustained. Additionally, the present data on executive function performance between lasting soccer participation and lasting American football participation suggests that executive function development and performance may be influenced by the sport played. The direction of this possible influence is unclear. More research is needed to establish this observed difference, and to better understand its existence and directionality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1355-6177</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7661</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S1355617723004058</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, USA: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Age ; Cognitive ability ; Executive function ; Executive Functions/Frontal Lobes ; Flexibility ; Football ; Memory ; Poster Session 03: Dementia | Amnesia | Memory | Language | Executive Functions ; Short term memory ; Soccer ; Youth participation</subject><ispartof>Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2023-11, Vol.29 (s1), p.287-288</ispartof><rights>Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1355617723004058/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,27901,27902,55603</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ellis-Stockley, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baldini, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tupou, Talamahe’a A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forbes, Bradley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopper, Jakob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deneen, Aubrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirst, Rayna</creatorcontrib><title>87 The Cumulative and Unique Effect of Competitive Youth Participation in the United States’ Most Popular Sports on Executive Function</title><title>Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society</title><addtitle>J Int Neuropsychol Soc</addtitle><description>Objective:Engagement in sporting activities has shown improvement in executive function among youth (Contreras-Osorio et al., 2021). Additionally, participation in specific sports such as soccer has been shown to enhance executive function in youth athletes compared to same-aged non-athletes (Yongtawee et al., 2021). The present study aimed to examine the effects of competitive participation in the United States’ four most popular sports on executive function among youth athletes. The most popular sports, as defined by viewership, revenue, and youth participation in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, and soccer (Injai, 2022; Aspen Institute, 2020).Participants and Methods:Data from the following three executive functioning subtests were analyzed in a sample of youth athletes (n=76), aged 8-18 years (mean age=11.94): Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Letter-Number Sequencing (cognitive flexibility), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition Working Memory Index, and Golden Stroop Color-Word Inhibition. Participants completed these measures as part of a larger neuropsychological baseline assessment. Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) regression was used to examine the influence of total cumulative years playing in one or more of the four most popular sports on executive functioning. A multivariate GLM regression also investigated the unique contributions of total years playing soccer (n=40; mean age=12.40) and total years playing American football (n=32; mean age=12.03) on subtest performance. The unique contributions of basketball (n=14) and baseball (n=21) were not analyzed due to small sample size.Results:Total cumulative years playing > one of the four most popular sports significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.007) and working memory (p=.002), but not inhibition (p=0.639). Total years playing soccer also significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.029) and working memory (p=0.05), but not inhibition (p=.310). Total years playing American football did not significantly predict performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility (p=.186), working memory (p=0.150), or inhibition (p=0.277).Conclusions:In congruence with previous research, sports participation predicted enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory on certain executive tasks. Among youth athletes, prolonged competitive participation in one or more of the four most popular sports in the U.S. predicted better performance on measures of cognitive flexibility and working memory. Furthermore, protracted participation in soccer predicted enhanced performance on measures of cognitive flexibility and working memory, whereas extended participation in American football did not. Future research should examine this effect in larger samples within all four sports. Examining the cumulative length of competitive participation in these popular sports on executive function could present a favorable developmental outcome of youth participation if competitive participation is sustained. Additionally, the present data on executive function performance between lasting soccer participation and lasting American football participation suggests that executive function development and performance may be influenced by the sport played. The direction of this possible influence is unclear. More research is needed to establish this observed difference, and to better understand its existence and directionality.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Executive function</subject><subject>Executive Functions/Frontal Lobes</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Football</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Poster Session 03: Dementia | Amnesia | Memory | Language | Executive Functions</subject><subject>Short term memory</subject><subject>Soccer</subject><subject>Youth participation</subject><issn>1355-6177</issn><issn>1469-7661</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM1KAzEURgdRsFYfwF3A9Wgymb8spbQqVCy0XbgaksyNTelMxiQjunPpK_h6PolpLbgQVzdwv3Mu-aLonOBLgklxNSc0y3JSFAnFOMVZeRANSJqzuMhzchjeYR1v98fRiXNrjAklGA-ij7JAixWgUd_0G-71CyDe1mjZ6uce0FgpkB4ZhUam6cDrXeDR9H6FZtx6LXUXINMi3SIfNIHzUKO55x7c1_snujfOo5npgtyieWesdyjEx68g-51s0rdyaziNjhTfODjbz2G0nIwXo9t4-nBzN7qexpJkRRmzomR5mgNhDBe0FIxyzIGLMgNeY1GnkotasQRnoAQTjCegOM9pnmWSpFLQYXTx4-2sCV90vlqb3rbhZJUwnIbOyoSGFPlJSWucs6CqzuqG27eK4GpbePWn8MDQPcMbYXX9BL_q_6lv8CKE3g</recordid><startdate>202311</startdate><enddate>202311</enddate><creator>Ellis-Stockley, Michael</creator><creator>Baldini, Daniel</creator><creator>Tupou, Talamahe’a A</creator><creator>Forbes, Bradley</creator><creator>Hopper, Jakob</creator><creator>Deneen, Aubrey</creator><creator>Hirst, Rayna</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202311</creationdate><title>87 The Cumulative and Unique Effect of Competitive Youth Participation in the United States’ Most Popular Sports on Executive Function</title><author>Ellis-Stockley, Michael ; Baldini, Daniel ; Tupou, Talamahe’a A ; Forbes, Bradley ; Hopper, Jakob ; Deneen, Aubrey ; Hirst, Rayna</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1578-9789646e1990738b93a0aeab85ead0bd4cabdf9205efb9b9a2efaa63655c14cb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Executive function</topic><topic>Executive Functions/Frontal Lobes</topic><topic>Flexibility</topic><topic>Football</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Poster Session 03: Dementia | Amnesia | Memory | Language | Executive Functions</topic><topic>Short term memory</topic><topic>Soccer</topic><topic>Youth participation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ellis-Stockley, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baldini, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tupou, Talamahe’a A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forbes, Bradley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopper, Jakob</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deneen, Aubrey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hirst, Rayna</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ellis-Stockley, Michael</au><au>Baldini, Daniel</au><au>Tupou, Talamahe’a A</au><au>Forbes, Bradley</au><au>Hopper, Jakob</au><au>Deneen, Aubrey</au><au>Hirst, Rayna</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>87 The Cumulative and Unique Effect of Competitive Youth Participation in the United States’ Most Popular Sports on Executive Function</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society</jtitle><addtitle>J Int Neuropsychol Soc</addtitle><date>2023-11</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>s1</issue><spage>287</spage><epage>288</epage><pages>287-288</pages><issn>1355-6177</issn><eissn>1469-7661</eissn><abstract>Objective:Engagement in sporting activities has shown improvement in executive function among youth (Contreras-Osorio et al., 2021). Additionally, participation in specific sports such as soccer has been shown to enhance executive function in youth athletes compared to same-aged non-athletes (Yongtawee et al., 2021). The present study aimed to examine the effects of competitive participation in the United States’ four most popular sports on executive function among youth athletes. The most popular sports, as defined by viewership, revenue, and youth participation in the U.S. are American football, basketball, baseball, and soccer (Injai, 2022; Aspen Institute, 2020).Participants and Methods:Data from the following three executive functioning subtests were analyzed in a sample of youth athletes (n=76), aged 8-18 years (mean age=11.94): Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Letter-Number Sequencing (cognitive flexibility), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition Working Memory Index, and Golden Stroop Color-Word Inhibition. Participants completed these measures as part of a larger neuropsychological baseline assessment. Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) regression was used to examine the influence of total cumulative years playing in one or more of the four most popular sports on executive functioning. A multivariate GLM regression also investigated the unique contributions of total years playing soccer (n=40; mean age=12.40) and total years playing American football (n=32; mean age=12.03) on subtest performance. The unique contributions of basketball (n=14) and baseball (n=21) were not analyzed due to small sample size.Results:Total cumulative years playing > one of the four most popular sports significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.007) and working memory (p=.002), but not inhibition (p=0.639). Total years playing soccer also significantly predicted cognitive flexibility (p=.029) and working memory (p=0.05), but not inhibition (p=.310). Total years playing American football did not significantly predict performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility (p=.186), working memory (p=0.150), or inhibition (p=0.277).Conclusions:In congruence with previous research, sports participation predicted enhanced cognitive flexibility and working memory on certain executive tasks. Among youth athletes, prolonged competitive participation in one or more of the four most popular sports in the U.S. predicted better performance on measures of cognitive flexibility and working memory. Furthermore, protracted participation in soccer predicted enhanced performance on measures of cognitive flexibility and working memory, whereas extended participation in American football did not. Future research should examine this effect in larger samples within all four sports. Examining the cumulative length of competitive participation in these popular sports on executive function could present a favorable developmental outcome of youth participation if competitive participation is sustained. Additionally, the present data on executive function performance between lasting soccer participation and lasting American football participation suggests that executive function development and performance may be influenced by the sport played. The direction of this possible influence is unclear. More research is needed to establish this observed difference, and to better understand its existence and directionality.</abstract><cop>New York, USA</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><doi>10.1017/S1355617723004058</doi><tpages>2</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Cognitive ability Executive function Executive Functions/Frontal Lobes Flexibility Football Memory Poster Session 03: Dementia | Amnesia | Memory | Language | Executive Functions Short term memory Soccer Youth participation |
| title | 87 The Cumulative and Unique Effect of Competitive Youth Participation in the United States’ Most Popular Sports on Executive Function |
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