Features of Induction of In Vitro Osteodifferentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The features of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of dogs, native and genetically modified, have been compared when cultivated in different media. It was shown that calcium deposition into the extracellular matrix occurred within 21 day of cultivation of MSCs on a commercial induction medium. The use of α-MEM-based medium, which contains osteoinducing components, also caused osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but calcium deposition was less active. Gene modification of canine MSCs with a plasmid carrying the gene for canine ( Canis familiaris ) bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene ( BMP2 ) stimulated the release of alkaline phosphatase by cells, but not calcium deposition. Consequently, the formation of osteocytes from MSCs depends not only on endogenous, but also exogenous factors, which include dexamethasone in combination with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate, and full osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro requires many osteoinductive factors.