MINIATURE, STATE-OF-THE-ART METAMATERIAL ANTENNAS FOR WEARABLE IOT DEVICES, MEDICAL MONITORING, AND 5G NETWORKS

It is crucial to have ready access to efficient tiny antennas for the advancement of wearable wireless communications and medical devices. Miniature antennas have the obvious drawback of being less effective than their larger counterparts. Nanotechnology using metamaterials and active components is being used to improve the efficiency of miniaturised antennas. The dynamic range and overall efficiency of the communication system may also be improved by the use of active wearable antennas. This is due to the fact that signal reception and transmission are both possible with active wearable antennas. In order to increase the system's dynamic range, more amplifiers might be connected to the feed line of the wearable antenna. In this study, a new class of active and passive efficient metamaterial antennas is introduced, which has potential applications in Body Area Networks, Internet of Things, and 5G wearable networks. Antennas using split-ring resonators (SRR) have a gain and directivity that are both 2.5 dB better than non-SRR antennas. When compared with non-SRR antennas, SRR-equipped antennas have a lower resonance frequency by 4.1-11%. The antenna's resonance frequency is changed by an additional 3-5% when measured by SRR after being worn by a human. There is a real possibility that in the not-too-distant future, people may need to wear tiny active antennas in order to participate in communication networks and send or receive data. In the frequency range from 0.1 GHz to 0.8 GHz, for instance, the active metamaterial antenna achieves a gain of 13 + 3 dB. The whole spectrum of frequencies is encompassed within this range. The noise figure of the active antenna is 0.5 + 0.3 dB between 0.1 GHz and 0.8 GHz