A Holistic Approach on Phytochemical & Pharmacological Activities of Croton Bonplandianum (Euphorbiaceae): Nature Genesis

Nature is the best source of medicinal plants. Plant base traditional medicine systems represent an essential role in the health care system. According to WHO (World Health Organization), 80% of the world's population depends mainly on traditional medicines for primary health maintenance. Phytomedicines are more popular than conventional synthetic drugs due to their easy availability and fewer side effects. Croton bonplandianum is widely used as traditional ayurvedic medicine all over India, South Africa, and Asia for treating different health disorders. It is a short-height greeny shrub, and the whole part of the plant, including its root, has medicinal value. Different phytochemicals have been isolated from this plant, mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and phenols. C. bonplandianum has different pharmacological activities like controlling high blood pressure, swelling of the body, cure against ringworms and skin disease, acute constipation, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-coronary, anti-tumor, abdominal dropsy, anti-helminthic, etc. This is also used to treat gastric disorders, diarrhea, Cholera, chicken pox, epilepsy, cold and cough, and so on. Due to the slow rate of conventional multiplication, C. bonplandianum is a very high-demandable plant. In this review, we collected information related to taxonomy, distribution, morphology, phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological studies of the Croton bonplandianum plant in detail.