Numerical Investigation of Flow Dynamics of Williamson Fluid over an Expanding Cylinder/Plate in Presence of Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Reactions

The current research delves into exploring the effects of several factors, including reactions (homogeneous/heterogeneous), internal heat phenomena, radiation, and buoyancy force, on the heat transfer behavior of a Williamson fluid under magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conditions. This investigation specifically focuses on the fluid's movement over a horizontally expanding cylinder submerged in a porous substance. By utilizing similarity variables and transforming the boundary value problems into initial value problems using the Shooting method, the governing partial differential equations of fluid flow are converted into a series of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are subsequently solved numerically employing the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4–5th order technique. By adopting this approach, crucial characteristics of the fluid, such as velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction factor, and heat and mass transfer rate, are calculated. The research presents these findings through graphical representations and tables, demonstrating how alterations in parameters, such as the magnetic parameter and the Prandtl number, affect the fluid's velocity and heat transfer characteristics. Notably, the research highlights how the rate of homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions impacts the thickness of the concentration boundary layer. Furthermore, there is a noticeable contrast in the patterns depicted in the graphs for the cylinder and the plate, with the cylinder displaying a more prominent enhancement.