Composition-Driven Structural, Optical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Hybrid Perovskite-Structured Methylammonium-Tin-Chloride
Compositional techniques are recognised as an efficient way to produce efficient and stable organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs). Several studies on OIHPs have criticized the instability and toxicity of lead, which have been largely overlooked due to the lack of large-scale commercial implem...
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| creator | Gopinathan, N. Basha, S. Sathik Vasimalai, N. Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar Shajahan, A. Parveen, J. Shahitha Enayathali, S. Syed |
| description | Compositional techniques are recognised as an efficient way to produce efficient and stable organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs). Several studies on OIHPs have criticized the instability and toxicity of lead, which have been largely overlooked due to the lack of large-scale commercial implementation. Tin-based OIHPs have been employed with three different perovskite systems to solve this problem. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural, optical, electrochemical and thermal properties of three different lead-free methylammonium tin chlorides, namely CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3,
CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
. The synthesised perovskites were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The analysis confirms that they have cubic, tetragonal and trigonal crystal structures. FE-SEM images showed agglomeration shapes. The DRS UV–Vis studies revealed that all the synthesised perovskites exhibit semiconducting behavior. PL analysis confirmed the emission centre in the green part of the spectrum. The thermal kinetics, including activation energy, Arrhenius constant, entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs energy, were calculated using the first weight loss of the TGA spectrum. CV analysis was used to determine the maximum specific capacitance of the supercapacitors, and revealed that the CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
perovskite exhibited better performance than CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
perovskites.
Graphical Abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11664-023-10777-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2898163884</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2898163884</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-4ff599028f3e40dedb532799a5b356815d9b732c332fc928b079922970198db73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMtqGzEUhkVpoK7TF-hK0G2U6DKakZbBdeKAQwxxIDsxlzO13JnRVNIE_Ap56shxQ3ddnXP4Lwc-hL4zeskoLa4CY3meEcoFYbQoCkI_oRmTWTpV_vwZzajIGZFcyC_oawh7Splkis3Q68L1ows2WjeQn96-wIAfo5_qOPmyu8APY7T1cdnuwPdlh8uhwcsO6uhdvYP-KOKNdyP4aCFg1-LVofK2wRvw7iX8thHIRyE0-B7i7tCVfe8GO_Vkawey2HUuBeAcnbVlF-Db3zlHTzfL7WJF1g-3d4vrNal5QSPJ2lZqTblqBWS0gaaSghdal7ISMldMNroqBK-F4G2tuapoEjnXBWVaNUmaox-n3tG7PxOEaPZu8kN6abjSiuVCqSy5-MlVexeCh9aM3valPxhGzZG5OTE3ibl5Z25oColTKCTz8Av8v-r_pN4AwhCGlA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2898163884</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Composition-Driven Structural, Optical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Hybrid Perovskite-Structured Methylammonium-Tin-Chloride</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Gopinathan, N. ; Basha, S. Sathik ; Vasimalai, N. ; Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar ; Shajahan, A. ; Parveen, J. Shahitha ; Enayathali, S. Syed</creator><creatorcontrib>Gopinathan, N. ; Basha, S. Sathik ; Vasimalai, N. ; Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar ; Shajahan, A. ; Parveen, J. Shahitha ; Enayathali, S. Syed</creatorcontrib><description>Compositional techniques are recognised as an efficient way to produce efficient and stable organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs). Several studies on OIHPs have criticized the instability and toxicity of lead, which have been largely overlooked due to the lack of large-scale commercial implementation. Tin-based OIHPs have been employed with three different perovskite systems to solve this problem. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural, optical, electrochemical and thermal properties of three different lead-free methylammonium tin chlorides, namely CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3,
CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
. The synthesised perovskites were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The analysis confirms that they have cubic, tetragonal and trigonal crystal structures. FE-SEM images showed agglomeration shapes. The DRS UV–Vis studies revealed that all the synthesised perovskites exhibit semiconducting behavior. PL analysis confirmed the emission centre in the green part of the spectrum. The thermal kinetics, including activation energy, Arrhenius constant, entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs energy, were calculated using the first weight loss of the TGA spectrum. CV analysis was used to determine the maximum specific capacitance of the supercapacitors, and revealed that the CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
perovskite exhibited better performance than CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
perovskites.
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0361-5235</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-186X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11664-023-10777-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Chlorides ; Diffraction patterns ; Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy ; Electrochemical analysis ; Electronics and Microelectronics ; Emission analysis ; Enthalpy ; Entropy of activation ; Field emission microscopy ; Fourier transforms ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Instrumentation ; Lead free ; Materials Science ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Optical properties ; Original Research Article ; Perovskites ; Photoluminescence ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Solid State Physics ; Spectrum analysis ; Thermodynamic properties ; Thermogravimetric analysis ; Ultraviolet reflection ; Weight loss</subject><ispartof>Journal of electronic materials, 2024, Vol.53 (1), p.94-105</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-4ff599028f3e40dedb532799a5b356815d9b732c332fc928b079922970198db73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0278-8992</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11664-023-10777-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11664-023-10777-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gopinathan, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basha, S. Sathik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasimalai, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shajahan, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parveen, J. Shahitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enayathali, S. Syed</creatorcontrib><title>Composition-Driven Structural, Optical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Hybrid Perovskite-Structured Methylammonium-Tin-Chloride</title><title>Journal of electronic materials</title><addtitle>J. Electron. Mater</addtitle><description>Compositional techniques are recognised as an efficient way to produce efficient and stable organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs). Several studies on OIHPs have criticized the instability and toxicity of lead, which have been largely overlooked due to the lack of large-scale commercial implementation. Tin-based OIHPs have been employed with three different perovskite systems to solve this problem. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural, optical, electrochemical and thermal properties of three different lead-free methylammonium tin chlorides, namely CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3,
CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
. The synthesised perovskites were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The analysis confirms that they have cubic, tetragonal and trigonal crystal structures. FE-SEM images showed agglomeration shapes. The DRS UV–Vis studies revealed that all the synthesised perovskites exhibit semiconducting behavior. PL analysis confirmed the emission centre in the green part of the spectrum. The thermal kinetics, including activation energy, Arrhenius constant, entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs energy, were calculated using the first weight loss of the TGA spectrum. CV analysis was used to determine the maximum specific capacitance of the supercapacitors, and revealed that the CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
perovskite exhibited better performance than CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
perovskites.
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Chlorides</subject><subject>Diffraction patterns</subject><subject>Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy</subject><subject>Electrochemical analysis</subject><subject>Electronics and Microelectronics</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Enthalpy</subject><subject>Entropy of activation</subject><subject>Field emission microscopy</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Instrumentation</subject><subject>Lead free</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Original Research Article</subject><subject>Perovskites</subject><subject>Photoluminescence</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Solid State Physics</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Thermodynamic properties</subject><subject>Thermogravimetric analysis</subject><subject>Ultraviolet reflection</subject><subject>Weight loss</subject><issn>0361-5235</issn><issn>1543-186X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtqGzEUhkVpoK7TF-hK0G2U6DKakZbBdeKAQwxxIDsxlzO13JnRVNIE_Ap56shxQ3ddnXP4Lwc-hL4zeskoLa4CY3meEcoFYbQoCkI_oRmTWTpV_vwZzajIGZFcyC_oawh7Splkis3Q68L1ows2WjeQn96-wIAfo5_qOPmyu8APY7T1cdnuwPdlh8uhwcsO6uhdvYP-KOKNdyP4aCFg1-LVofK2wRvw7iX8thHIRyE0-B7i7tCVfe8GO_Vkawey2HUuBeAcnbVlF-Db3zlHTzfL7WJF1g-3d4vrNal5QSPJ2lZqTblqBWS0gaaSghdal7ISMldMNroqBK-F4G2tuapoEjnXBWVaNUmaox-n3tG7PxOEaPZu8kN6abjSiuVCqSy5-MlVexeCh9aM3valPxhGzZG5OTE3ibl5Z25oColTKCTz8Av8v-r_pN4AwhCGlA</recordid><startdate>2024</startdate><enddate>2024</enddate><creator>Gopinathan, N.</creator><creator>Basha, S. Sathik</creator><creator>Vasimalai, N.</creator><creator>Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar</creator><creator>Shajahan, A.</creator><creator>Parveen, J. Shahitha</creator><creator>Enayathali, S. Syed</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-8992</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2024</creationdate><title>Composition-Driven Structural, Optical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Hybrid Perovskite-Structured Methylammonium-Tin-Chloride</title><author>Gopinathan, N. ; Basha, S. Sathik ; Vasimalai, N. ; Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar ; Shajahan, A. ; Parveen, J. Shahitha ; Enayathali, S. Syed</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-4ff599028f3e40dedb532799a5b356815d9b732c332fc928b079922970198db73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Chlorides</topic><topic>Diffraction patterns</topic><topic>Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy</topic><topic>Electrochemical analysis</topic><topic>Electronics and Microelectronics</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Enthalpy</topic><topic>Entropy of activation</topic><topic>Field emission microscopy</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Instrumentation</topic><topic>Lead free</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Optical and Electronic Materials</topic><topic>Optical properties</topic><topic>Original Research Article</topic><topic>Perovskites</topic><topic>Photoluminescence</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Solid State Physics</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Thermodynamic properties</topic><topic>Thermogravimetric analysis</topic><topic>Ultraviolet reflection</topic><topic>Weight loss</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gopinathan, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basha, S. Sathik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasimalai, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shajahan, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parveen, J. Shahitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enayathali, S. 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Sathik</au><au>Vasimalai, N.</au><au>Mundari, Noor Aman Ahrar</au><au>Shajahan, A.</au><au>Parveen, J. Shahitha</au><au>Enayathali, S. Syed</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Composition-Driven Structural, Optical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Hybrid Perovskite-Structured Methylammonium-Tin-Chloride</atitle><jtitle>Journal of electronic materials</jtitle><stitle>J. Electron. Mater</stitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>94</spage><epage>105</epage><pages>94-105</pages><issn>0361-5235</issn><eissn>1543-186X</eissn><abstract>Compositional techniques are recognised as an efficient way to produce efficient and stable organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs). Several studies on OIHPs have criticized the instability and toxicity of lead, which have been largely overlooked due to the lack of large-scale commercial implementation. Tin-based OIHPs have been employed with three different perovskite systems to solve this problem. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural, optical, electrochemical and thermal properties of three different lead-free methylammonium tin chlorides, namely CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3,
CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
. The synthesised perovskites were characterised by x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The analysis confirms that they have cubic, tetragonal and trigonal crystal structures. FE-SEM images showed agglomeration shapes. The DRS UV–Vis studies revealed that all the synthesised perovskites exhibit semiconducting behavior. PL analysis confirmed the emission centre in the green part of the spectrum. The thermal kinetics, including activation energy, Arrhenius constant, entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs energy, were calculated using the first weight loss of the TGA spectrum. CV analysis was used to determine the maximum specific capacitance of the supercapacitors, and revealed that the CH
3
NH
3
Sn
2
Cl
5
perovskite exhibited better performance than CH
3
NH
3
SnCl
3
and (CH
3
NH
3
)
4
SnCl
6
perovskites.
Graphical Abstract</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11664-023-10777-0</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-8992</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0361-5235 1543-186X |
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| subjects | Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Chlorides Diffraction patterns Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy Electrochemical analysis Electronics and Microelectronics Emission analysis Enthalpy Entropy of activation Field emission microscopy Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy Instrumentation Lead free Materials Science Optical and Electronic Materials Optical properties Original Research Article Perovskites Photoluminescence Scanning electron microscopy Solid State Physics Spectrum analysis Thermodynamic properties Thermogravimetric analysis Ultraviolet reflection Weight loss |
| title | Composition-Driven Structural, Optical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Hybrid Perovskite-Structured Methylammonium-Tin-Chloride |
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