Probing the processing of facial expressions in monkeys via time perception and eye tracking
Accurately recognizing facial expressions is essential for effective social interactions. Non-human primates (NHPs) are widely used in the study of the neural mechanisms underpinning facial expression processing, yet it remains unclear how well monkeys can recognize the facial expressions of other s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Dōngwùxué yánjiū 2023-09, Vol.44 (5), p.882-893 |
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| creator | Liu, Xin-He Gan, Lu Zhang, Zhi-Ting Yu, Pan-Ke Dai, Ji |
| description | Accurately recognizing facial expressions is essential for effective social interactions. Non-human primates (NHPs) are widely used in the study of the neural mechanisms underpinning facial expression processing, yet it remains unclear how well monkeys can recognize the facial expressions of other species such as humans. In this study, we systematically investigated how monkeys process the facial expressions of conspecifics and humans using eye-tracking technology and sophisticated behavioral tasks, namely the temporal discrimination task (TDT) and face scan task (FST). We found that monkeys showed prolonged subjective time perception in response to Negative facial expressions in monkeys while showing longer reaction time to Negative facial expressions in humans. Monkey faces also reliably induced divergent pupil contraction in response to different expressions, while human faces and scrambled monkey faces did not. Furthermore, viewing patterns in the FST indicated that monkeys only showed bias toward emotional expressions upon observing monkey faces. Finally, masking the eye region marginally decreased the viewing duration for monkey faces but not for human faces. By probing facial expression processing in monkeys, our study demonstrates that monkeys are more sensitive to the facial expressions of conspecifics than those of humans, thus shedding new light on inter-species communication through facial expressions between NHPs and humans. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.003 |
| format | Article |
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Non-human primates (NHPs) are widely used in the study of the neural mechanisms underpinning facial expression processing, yet it remains unclear how well monkeys can recognize the facial expressions of other species such as humans. In this study, we systematically investigated how monkeys process the facial expressions of conspecifics and humans using eye-tracking technology and sophisticated behavioral tasks, namely the temporal discrimination task (TDT) and face scan task (FST). We found that monkeys showed prolonged subjective time perception in response to Negative facial expressions in monkeys while showing longer reaction time to Negative facial expressions in humans. Monkey faces also reliably induced divergent pupil contraction in response to different expressions, while human faces and scrambled monkey faces did not. Furthermore, viewing patterns in the FST indicated that monkeys only showed bias toward emotional expressions upon observing monkey faces. Finally, masking the eye region marginally decreased the viewing duration for monkey faces but not for human faces. By probing facial expression processing in monkeys, our study demonstrates that monkeys are more sensitive to the facial expressions of conspecifics than those of humans, thus shedding new light on inter-species communication through facial expressions between NHPs and humans.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2095-8137</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0254-5853</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.003</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37545418</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>China: Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Animals ; Behavior ; Communication ; Conspecifics ; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase ; Emotions ; Eye movements ; Eye-Tracking Technology ; Face ; Face recognition ; Facial Expression ; Haplorhini ; Human subjects ; Humidity ; Laboratory animals ; Monkeys ; Monkeys & apes ; Perception ; Reaction time task ; Social behavior ; Social factors ; Social interactions ; Temporal discrimination ; Temporal perception ; Time Perception ; Tracking ; Viewing</subject><ispartof>Dōngwùxué yánjiū, 2023-09, Vol.44 (5), p.882-893</ispartof><rights>Copyright Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Sep 2023</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Zoological Research, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2023 Editorial Office of Zoological Research, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-398895a1cf65379c5af7c6b0b6792430d05a71f8b4c24df12434c0f2558007d53</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,885,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37545418$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xin-He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gan, Lu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zhi-Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Pan-Ke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Ji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院深港脑科学创新研究院, 广东 深圳 518055, 中国</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shenzhen Technological Research Center for Primate Translational Medicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>中国科学院大学, 北京 100049, 中国</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院医学人工智能研究中心, 广东 深圳 518055, 中国</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院脑认知与脑疾病研究所, 广东 深圳 518055, 中国</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>广东省脑连接图谱重点实验室, 广东 深圳518055, 中国</creatorcontrib><title>Probing the processing of facial expressions in monkeys via time perception and eye tracking</title><title>Dōngwùxué yánjiū</title><addtitle>Zool Res</addtitle><description>Accurately recognizing facial expressions is essential for effective social interactions. Non-human primates (NHPs) are widely used in the study of the neural mechanisms underpinning facial expression processing, yet it remains unclear how well monkeys can recognize the facial expressions of other species such as humans. In this study, we systematically investigated how monkeys process the facial expressions of conspecifics and humans using eye-tracking technology and sophisticated behavioral tasks, namely the temporal discrimination task (TDT) and face scan task (FST). We found that monkeys showed prolonged subjective time perception in response to Negative facial expressions in monkeys while showing longer reaction time to Negative facial expressions in humans. Monkey faces also reliably induced divergent pupil contraction in response to different expressions, while human faces and scrambled monkey faces did not. Furthermore, viewing patterns in the FST indicated that monkeys only showed bias toward emotional expressions upon observing monkey faces. Finally, masking the eye region marginally decreased the viewing duration for monkey faces but not for human faces. By probing facial expression processing in monkeys, our study demonstrates that monkeys are more sensitive to the facial expressions of conspecifics than those of humans, thus shedding new light on inter-species communication through facial expressions between NHPs and humans.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>Conspecifics</subject><subject>DNA nucleotidylexotransferase</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Eye movements</subject><subject>Eye-Tracking Technology</subject><subject>Face</subject><subject>Face recognition</subject><subject>Facial Expression</subject><subject>Haplorhini</subject><subject>Human subjects</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Monkeys</subject><subject>Monkeys & apes</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Reaction time task</subject><subject>Social behavior</subject><subject>Social factors</subject><subject>Social 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Non-human primates (NHPs) are widely used in the study of the neural mechanisms underpinning facial expression processing, yet it remains unclear how well monkeys can recognize the facial expressions of other species such as humans. In this study, we systematically investigated how monkeys process the facial expressions of conspecifics and humans using eye-tracking technology and sophisticated behavioral tasks, namely the temporal discrimination task (TDT) and face scan task (FST). We found that monkeys showed prolonged subjective time perception in response to Negative facial expressions in monkeys while showing longer reaction time to Negative facial expressions in humans. Monkey faces also reliably induced divergent pupil contraction in response to different expressions, while human faces and scrambled monkey faces did not. Furthermore, viewing patterns in the FST indicated that monkeys only showed bias toward emotional expressions upon observing monkey faces. 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| subjects | Animals Behavior Communication Conspecifics DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Emotions Eye movements Eye-Tracking Technology Face Face recognition Facial Expression Haplorhini Human subjects Humidity Laboratory animals Monkeys Monkeys & apes Perception Reaction time task Social behavior Social factors Social interactions Temporal discrimination Temporal perception Time Perception Tracking Viewing |
| title | Probing the processing of facial expressions in monkeys via time perception and eye tracking |
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