SO\(_2\), silicate clouds, but no CH\(_4\) detected in a warm Neptune
WASP-107b is a warm (\(\sim\)740 K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of \(\sim\)30.5 \(M_{\oplus}\) and Jupiter-like radius of \(\sim\)0.94 \(R_{\rm J}\), whose extended atmosphere is eroding. Previous observations showed evidence for water vapour and a thick high-altitude condensate layer...
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| creator | Dyrek, Achrène Min, Michiel Decin, Leen Bouwman, Jeroen Crouzet, Nicolas Mollière, Paul Pierre-Olivier Lagage Konings, Thomas Tremblin, Pascal Güdel, Manuel Pye, John Waters, Rens Henning, Thomas Vandenbussche, Bart Martinez, Francisco Ardevol Argyriou, Ioannis Ducrot, Elsa Heinke, Linus Gwenael Van Looveren Absil, Olivier Barrado, David Baudoz, Pierre Boccaletti, Anthony Cossou, Christophe Coulais, Alain Edwards, Billy Gastaud, René Glasse, Alistair Glauser, Adrian Greene, Thomas P Kendrew, Sarah Krause, Oliver Lahuis, Fred Mueller, Michael Olofsson, Goran Patapis, Polychronis Rouan, Daniel Royer, Pierre Scheithauer, Silvia Waldmann, Ingo Whiteford, Niall Colina, Luis van Dishoeck, Ewine F Greve, Thomas Ostlin, Göran Ray, Tom P Wright, Gillian |
| description | WASP-107b is a warm (\(\sim\)740 K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of \(\sim\)30.5 \(M_{\oplus}\) and Jupiter-like radius of \(\sim\)0.94 \(R_{\rm J}\), whose extended atmosphere is eroding. Previous observations showed evidence for water vapour and a thick high-altitude condensate layer in WASP-107b's atmosphere. Recently, photochemically produced sulphur dioxide (SO\(_2\)) was detected in the atmosphere of a hot (\(\sim\)1,200 K) Saturn-mass planet from transmission spectroscopy near 4.05 \(\mu\)m, but for temperatures below \(\sim\)1,000 K sulphur is predicted to preferably form sulphur allotropes instead of SO\(_2\). Here we report the 9\(\sigma\)-detection of two fundamental vibration bands of SO\(_2\), at 7.35 \(\mu\)m and 8.69 \(\mu\)m, in the transmission spectrum of WASP-107b using the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the JWST. This discovery establishes WASP-107b as the second irradiated exoplanet with confirmed photochemistry, extending the temperature range of exoplanets exhibiting detected photochemistry from \(\sim\)1,200 K down to \(\sim\)740 K. Additionally, our spectral analysis reveals the presence of silicate clouds, which are strongly favoured (\(\sim\)7\(\sigma\)) over simpler cloud setups. Furthermore, water is detected (\(\sim\)12\(\sigma\)), but methane is not. These findings provide evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and indicate a dynamically active atmosphere with a super-solar metallicity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.48550/arxiv.2311.12515 |
| format | Article |
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Previous observations showed evidence for water vapour and a thick high-altitude condensate layer in WASP-107b's atmosphere. Recently, photochemically produced sulphur dioxide (SO\(_2\)) was detected in the atmosphere of a hot (\(\sim\)1,200 K) Saturn-mass planet from transmission spectroscopy near 4.05 \(\mu\)m, but for temperatures below \(\sim\)1,000 K sulphur is predicted to preferably form sulphur allotropes instead of SO\(_2\). Here we report the 9\(\sigma\)-detection of two fundamental vibration bands of SO\(_2\), at 7.35 \(\mu\)m and 8.69 \(\mu\)m, in the transmission spectrum of WASP-107b using the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the JWST. This discovery establishes WASP-107b as the second irradiated exoplanet with confirmed photochemistry, extending the temperature range of exoplanets exhibiting detected photochemistry from \(\sim\)1,200 K down to \(\sim\)740 K. Additionally, our spectral analysis reveals the presence of silicate clouds, which are strongly favoured (\(\sim\)7\(\sigma\)) over simpler cloud setups. Furthermore, water is detected (\(\sim\)12\(\sigma\)), but methane is not. These findings provide evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and indicate a dynamically active atmosphere with a super-solar metallicity.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2331-8422</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.12515</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ithaca: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</publisher><subject>Allotropy ; Clouds ; Extrasolar planets ; Gas giant planets ; High altitude ; Infrared instruments ; Metallicity ; Neptune ; Photochemistry ; Spectrum analysis ; Sulfur ; Sulfur dioxide ; Transit ; Water vapor</subject><ispartof>arXiv.org, 2023-11</ispartof><rights>2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Additionally, our spectral analysis reveals the presence of silicate clouds, which are strongly favoured (\(\sim\)7\(\sigma\)) over simpler cloud setups. Furthermore, water is detected (\(\sim\)12\(\sigma\)), but methane is not. These findings provide evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and indicate a dynamically active atmosphere with a super-solar metallicity.</description><subject>Allotropy</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Extrasolar planets</subject><subject>Gas giant planets</subject><subject>High altitude</subject><subject>Infrared instruments</subject><subject>Metallicity</subject><subject>Neptune</subject><subject>Photochemistry</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur dioxide</subject><subject>Transit</subject><subject>Water 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Gillian</au><format>book</format><genre>document</genre><ristype>GEN</ristype><atitle>SO\(_2\), silicate clouds, but no CH\(_4\) detected in a warm Neptune</atitle><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle><date>2023-11-21</date><risdate>2023</risdate><eissn>2331-8422</eissn><abstract>WASP-107b is a warm (\(\sim\)740 K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of \(\sim\)30.5 \(M_{\oplus}\) and Jupiter-like radius of \(\sim\)0.94 \(R_{\rm J}\), whose extended atmosphere is eroding. 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Additionally, our spectral analysis reveals the presence of silicate clouds, which are strongly favoured (\(\sim\)7\(\sigma\)) over simpler cloud setups. Furthermore, water is detected (\(\sim\)12\(\sigma\)), but methane is not. These findings provide evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and indicate a dynamically active atmosphere with a super-solar metallicity.</abstract><cop>Ithaca</cop><pub>Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</pub><doi>10.48550/arxiv.2311.12515</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Allotropy Clouds Extrasolar planets Gas giant planets High altitude Infrared instruments Metallicity Neptune Photochemistry Spectrum analysis Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Transit Water vapor |
| title | SO\(_2\), silicate clouds, but no CH\(_4\) detected in a warm Neptune |
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