Design and analysis of the optical properties of electrostatic unipotential lens (einzel lens)
In the present paper, the geometrical and optical object properties of a unipotential electrostatic lens (einzel lens) are designed and analyzed using the Electron Optical Design program; this program uses the finite element method (FEM) as a basic numerical method. The effect of the distance betwee...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of optics (New Delhi) 2023-12, Vol.52 (4), p.1704-1709 |
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| container_title | Journal of optics (New Delhi) |
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| creator | Ahmad, Ahmad K. Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz |
| description | In the present paper, the geometrical and optical object properties of a unipotential electrostatic lens (einzel lens) are designed and analyzed using the Electron Optical Design program; this program uses the finite element method (FEM) as a basic numerical method. The effect of the distance between the three electrodes (
D
e
) and the optical axis, the distance between the first and third electrodes with the middle electrode (
d
e1
,
d
e2
), and the width of the medial electrode (
W
e
) of the lens are all studied for the best optical properties. It was found that the optical properties of the lens improved significantly with decreasing distance between the electrodes and the width of the center electrode of this lens. Upon our study, it was found that the best features are achieved when the lens length (
L
e
=
20
mm
), the distance between the electrodes (d
e1
= d
e2
= 4 mm), the axial distance (
D
e
= 3 mm), and the center electrode width (
W
e
= 5 mm), at constant energy (
P
e
= 5000 V). Here, (
C
s
= 88.84167 mm), (
C
c
= 12.84094 mm), (
f
o
= 15.4209 mm), (
C
s
/
f
o
= 5.7611) and (
C
c
/
f
o
= 0.8326). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12596-022-00983-0 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2889631940</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2889631940</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-aa0a8611f2b4562d3fff7e42e68eb322e2492e60e362e0519f1c2bf4af5eadf43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9UMFOwzAMjRBITGM_wKkSFzgEHLfNmiMaDJAmcYErUdo5I6i0JckO4-vJViRuHCzb8nvP9mPsXMC1AJjfBIGlkhwQOYCqcg5HbAJqXnCpAI4PNfKqQnHKZiG4GkqQIKBUE_Z2R8Ftusx06xSm3QUXst5m8Z2yfoiuMW02-H4gHx0dJtRSE30foknTbNu5oY_URZeALXUhuyTXfdPYXJ2xE2vaQLPfPGWvy_uXxSNfPT88LW5XvMmFitwYMJUUwmJdlBLXubV2TgWSrKjOEQkLlRqgXCJBKZQVDda2MLYks7ZFPmUXo2669WtLIeqPfuvTP0FjVSmZthSQUDiimnR_8GT14N2n8TstQO-t1KOVOlmpD1bqPSkfSSGBuw35P-l_WD99UHfE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2889631940</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Design and analysis of the optical properties of electrostatic unipotential lens (einzel lens)</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Ahmad, Ahmad K. ; Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz</creator><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Ahmad K. ; Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz</creatorcontrib><description>In the present paper, the geometrical and optical object properties of a unipotential electrostatic lens (einzel lens) are designed and analyzed using the Electron Optical Design program; this program uses the finite element method (FEM) as a basic numerical method. The effect of the distance between the three electrodes (
D
e
) and the optical axis, the distance between the first and third electrodes with the middle electrode (
d
e1
,
d
e2
), and the width of the medial electrode (
W
e
) of the lens are all studied for the best optical properties. It was found that the optical properties of the lens improved significantly with decreasing distance between the electrodes and the width of the center electrode of this lens. Upon our study, it was found that the best features are achieved when the lens length (
L
e
=
20
mm
), the distance between the electrodes (d
e1
= d
e2
= 4 mm), the axial distance (
D
e
= 3 mm), and the center electrode width (
W
e
= 5 mm), at constant energy (
P
e
= 5000 V). Here, (
C
s
= 88.84167 mm), (
C
c
= 12.84094 mm), (
f
o
= 15.4209 mm), (
C
s
/
f
o
= 5.7611) and (
C
c
/
f
o
= 0.8326).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0972-8821</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0974-6900</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12596-022-00983-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Delhi: Springer India</publisher><subject>Design analysis ; Electrodes ; Finite element method ; Lasers ; Lenses ; Numerical methods ; Optical design ; Optical Devices ; Optical properties ; Optics ; Photonics ; Physics ; Physics and Astronomy ; Research Article</subject><ispartof>Journal of optics (New Delhi), 2023-12, Vol.52 (4), p.1704-1709</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Optical Society of India 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-aa0a8611f2b4562d3fff7e42e68eb322e2492e60e362e0519f1c2bf4af5eadf43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-aa0a8611f2b4562d3fff7e42e68eb322e2492e60e362e0519f1c2bf4af5eadf43</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3522-4701</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12596-022-00983-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12596-022-00983-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912,41475,42544,51306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Ahmad K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz</creatorcontrib><title>Design and analysis of the optical properties of electrostatic unipotential lens (einzel lens)</title><title>Journal of optics (New Delhi)</title><addtitle>J Opt</addtitle><description>In the present paper, the geometrical and optical object properties of a unipotential electrostatic lens (einzel lens) are designed and analyzed using the Electron Optical Design program; this program uses the finite element method (FEM) as a basic numerical method. The effect of the distance between the three electrodes (
D
e
) and the optical axis, the distance between the first and third electrodes with the middle electrode (
d
e1
,
d
e2
), and the width of the medial electrode (
W
e
) of the lens are all studied for the best optical properties. It was found that the optical properties of the lens improved significantly with decreasing distance between the electrodes and the width of the center electrode of this lens. Upon our study, it was found that the best features are achieved when the lens length (
L
e
=
20
mm
), the distance between the electrodes (d
e1
= d
e2
= 4 mm), the axial distance (
D
e
= 3 mm), and the center electrode width (
W
e
= 5 mm), at constant energy (
P
e
= 5000 V). Here, (
C
s
= 88.84167 mm), (
C
c
= 12.84094 mm), (
f
o
= 15.4209 mm), (
C
s
/
f
o
= 5.7611) and (
C
c
/
f
o
= 0.8326).</description><subject>Design analysis</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Finite element method</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Lenses</subject><subject>Numerical methods</subject><subject>Optical design</subject><subject>Optical Devices</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Photonics</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics and Astronomy</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><issn>0972-8821</issn><issn>0974-6900</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UMFOwzAMjRBITGM_wKkSFzgEHLfNmiMaDJAmcYErUdo5I6i0JckO4-vJViRuHCzb8nvP9mPsXMC1AJjfBIGlkhwQOYCqcg5HbAJqXnCpAI4PNfKqQnHKZiG4GkqQIKBUE_Z2R8Ftusx06xSm3QUXst5m8Z2yfoiuMW02-H4gHx0dJtRSE30foknTbNu5oY_URZeALXUhuyTXfdPYXJ2xE2vaQLPfPGWvy_uXxSNfPT88LW5XvMmFitwYMJUUwmJdlBLXubV2TgWSrKjOEQkLlRqgXCJBKZQVDda2MLYks7ZFPmUXo2669WtLIeqPfuvTP0FjVSmZthSQUDiimnR_8GT14N2n8TstQO-t1KOVOlmpD1bqPSkfSSGBuw35P-l_WD99UHfE</recordid><startdate>20231201</startdate><enddate>20231201</enddate><creator>Ahmad, Ahmad K.</creator><creator>Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz</creator><general>Springer India</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-4701</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231201</creationdate><title>Design and analysis of the optical properties of electrostatic unipotential lens (einzel lens)</title><author>Ahmad, Ahmad K. ; Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-aa0a8611f2b4562d3fff7e42e68eb322e2492e60e362e0519f1c2bf4af5eadf43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Design analysis</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>Finite element method</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Lenses</topic><topic>Numerical methods</topic><topic>Optical design</topic><topic>Optical Devices</topic><topic>Optical properties</topic><topic>Optics</topic><topic>Photonics</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics and Astronomy</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Ahmad K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Journal of optics (New Delhi)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ahmad, Ahmad K.</au><au>Abd-Alghane, Basma Faiz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Design and analysis of the optical properties of electrostatic unipotential lens (einzel lens)</atitle><jtitle>Journal of optics (New Delhi)</jtitle><stitle>J Opt</stitle><date>2023-12-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1704</spage><epage>1709</epage><pages>1704-1709</pages><issn>0972-8821</issn><eissn>0974-6900</eissn><abstract>In the present paper, the geometrical and optical object properties of a unipotential electrostatic lens (einzel lens) are designed and analyzed using the Electron Optical Design program; this program uses the finite element method (FEM) as a basic numerical method. The effect of the distance between the three electrodes (
D
e
) and the optical axis, the distance between the first and third electrodes with the middle electrode (
d
e1
,
d
e2
), and the width of the medial electrode (
W
e
) of the lens are all studied for the best optical properties. It was found that the optical properties of the lens improved significantly with decreasing distance between the electrodes and the width of the center electrode of this lens. Upon our study, it was found that the best features are achieved when the lens length (
L
e
=
20
mm
), the distance between the electrodes (d
e1
= d
e2
= 4 mm), the axial distance (
D
e
= 3 mm), and the center electrode width (
W
e
= 5 mm), at constant energy (
P
e
= 5000 V). Here, (
C
s
= 88.84167 mm), (
C
c
= 12.84094 mm), (
f
o
= 15.4209 mm), (
C
s
/
f
o
= 5.7611) and (
C
c
/
f
o
= 0.8326).</abstract><cop>New Delhi</cop><pub>Springer India</pub><doi>10.1007/s12596-022-00983-0</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-4701</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Journal of optics (New Delhi), 2023-12, Vol.52 (4), p.1704-1709 |
| issn | 0972-8821 0974-6900 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2889631940 |
| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Design analysis Electrodes Finite element method Lasers Lenses Numerical methods Optical design Optical Devices Optical properties Optics Photonics Physics Physics and Astronomy Research Article |
| title | Design and analysis of the optical properties of electrostatic unipotential lens (einzel lens) |
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