Design and EM Behavioral Study of PET Films for Improved Stealthiness
Different types of stealth films and their electromagnetic (EM) behavioral characteristics have been studied to fulfil the stealth requirements of today’s electronic warfare (EW) for military mission success. The EM performance of stealth films has been measured using two different measurement metho...
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| description | Different types of stealth films and their electromagnetic (EM) behavioral characteristics have been studied to fulfil the stealth requirements of today’s electronic warfare (EW) for military mission success. The EM performance of stealth films has been measured using two different measurement methods: wave guide measurement (WGM) and open area test site (OATS). Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (sample B1) has been used as the base material to design and fabricate composite stealth films, films N (PET + conductive paint), S (PET + conductive paint + fumed silica), Q (PET + conductive paint + aluminum), and P (PET + conductive paint + aluminum + fumed silica). The conductive paint and fumed silica are used to design and fabricate small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV) model stealth frames. The detailed parametric studies of these films and frames have been analyzed in terms of EM wave parameters,
S11
(reflection coefficient),
S21
(transmission coefficient),
I1
(input power at port 1),
O1
(output power at port 1),
O2
(output power at port 2), P
in
(input power incident on sample specimen), Pre
fle
(reflected power at a point close to the transmitter), P
trans
(power transmitted through the sample), SE
refle
(shielding effectiveness of reflection loss), SE
abs
(shielding effectiveness of absorption loss), SE
tot
(total shielding effectiveness), and RCS (
σ
) (radar cross-section). These parameters have been verified in the X-band frequency operation in the 8- to 12-GHz frequency range. Using these stealth films and frames, the minimum values of
S11, S21,
and SE
tot
of − 40 dB, − 0.6 dB, and 0.7 dB, respectively, in WGM and − 75 dB, − 76 dB, and − 75 dB, respectively, in OATS, were achieved. Further, the achieved RCS reduction level falls in the range of 0.09–1.5 m
2
over the 8–10.1 GHz frequency range, and in the range 1.6–4 m
2
above 10.1 GHz and up to 12 GHz, as presented in this paper. The experimental results give a good agreement between the design material and their EM behaviors, so their suitability for stealth applications is justified. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11664-023-10743-w |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2884931983</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2884931983</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-a0a8de571642a9cd3aa86e2bf0b546fb8ed0abcf6717bc1cb9e501c6a14d62253</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kFFLwzAUhYMoOKd_wKeAz9HcpEnTR52dDhQFJ_gW0ibdOrp2Jt3G_r3RCr75dC_cc849fAhdAr0GStObACBlQijjBGiacLI_QiMQcQElP47RiHIJRDAuTtFZCCtKQYCCEcrvXagXLTatxfkzvnNLs6s7bxr81m_tAXcVfs3neFo364CrzuPZeuO7nbPx7kzTL-vWhXCOTirTBHfxO8fofZrPJ4_k6eVhNrl9IiVLaU8MNco6kYJMmMlKy41R0rGiooVIZFUoZ6kpykqmkBYllEXmBIVSGkisZEzwMboacmOHz60LvV51W9_Gl5oplWQcMsWjig2q0ncheFfpja_Xxh80UP2NSw-4dMSlf3DpfTTxwRSiuF04_xf9j-sLDY5tUA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2884931983</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Design and EM Behavioral Study of PET Films for Improved Stealthiness</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Sawant, Kailas Kantilal ; Shanmughan, Bhavana ; Soni, Samraddhi ; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian ; Anthonisamy, Arockia Bazil Raj</creator><creatorcontrib>Sawant, Kailas Kantilal ; Shanmughan, Bhavana ; Soni, Samraddhi ; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian ; Anthonisamy, Arockia Bazil Raj</creatorcontrib><description>Different types of stealth films and their electromagnetic (EM) behavioral characteristics have been studied to fulfil the stealth requirements of today’s electronic warfare (EW) for military mission success. The EM performance of stealth films has been measured using two different measurement methods: wave guide measurement (WGM) and open area test site (OATS). Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (sample B1) has been used as the base material to design and fabricate composite stealth films, films N (PET + conductive paint), S (PET + conductive paint + fumed silica), Q (PET + conductive paint + aluminum), and P (PET + conductive paint + aluminum + fumed silica). The conductive paint and fumed silica are used to design and fabricate small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV) model stealth frames. The detailed parametric studies of these films and frames have been analyzed in terms of EM wave parameters,
S11
(reflection coefficient),
S21
(transmission coefficient),
I1
(input power at port 1),
O1
(output power at port 1),
O2
(output power at port 2), P
in
(input power incident on sample specimen), Pre
fle
(reflected power at a point close to the transmitter), P
trans
(power transmitted through the sample), SE
refle
(shielding effectiveness of reflection loss), SE
abs
(shielding effectiveness of absorption loss), SE
tot
(total shielding effectiveness), and RCS (
σ
) (radar cross-section). These parameters have been verified in the X-band frequency operation in the 8- to 12-GHz frequency range. Using these stealth films and frames, the minimum values of
S11, S21,
and SE
tot
of − 40 dB, − 0.6 dB, and 0.7 dB, respectively, in WGM and − 75 dB, − 76 dB, and − 75 dB, respectively, in OATS, were achieved. Further, the achieved RCS reduction level falls in the range of 0.09–1.5 m
2
over the 8–10.1 GHz frequency range, and in the range 1.6–4 m
2
above 10.1 GHz and up to 12 GHz, as presented in this paper. The experimental results give a good agreement between the design material and their EM behaviors, so their suitability for stealth applications is justified.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0361-5235</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-186X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11664-023-10743-w</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Aluminum ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Effectiveness ; Electronic warfare ; Electronics and Microelectronics ; Frames ; Frequency ranges ; Instrumentation ; Materials Science ; Measurement methods ; Military operations ; Miniature aircraft ; Oats ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Original Research Article ; Parameters ; Polyethylene terephthalate ; Radar cross sections ; Reflectance ; Shielding ; Silica fume ; Solid State Physics ; Stealth technology ; Superhigh frequencies ; Unmanned aerial vehicles ; Wave reflection ; Waveguides</subject><ispartof>Journal of electronic materials, 2023-12, Vol.52 (12), p.8203-8219</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-a0a8de571642a9cd3aa86e2bf0b546fb8ed0abcf6717bc1cb9e501c6a14d62253</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6262-217X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11664-023-10743-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11664-023-10743-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sawant, Kailas Kantilal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanmughan, Bhavana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soni, Samraddhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anthonisamy, Arockia Bazil Raj</creatorcontrib><title>Design and EM Behavioral Study of PET Films for Improved Stealthiness</title><title>Journal of electronic materials</title><addtitle>J. Electron. Mater</addtitle><description>Different types of stealth films and their electromagnetic (EM) behavioral characteristics have been studied to fulfil the stealth requirements of today’s electronic warfare (EW) for military mission success. The EM performance of stealth films has been measured using two different measurement methods: wave guide measurement (WGM) and open area test site (OATS). Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (sample B1) has been used as the base material to design and fabricate composite stealth films, films N (PET + conductive paint), S (PET + conductive paint + fumed silica), Q (PET + conductive paint + aluminum), and P (PET + conductive paint + aluminum + fumed silica). The conductive paint and fumed silica are used to design and fabricate small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV) model stealth frames. The detailed parametric studies of these films and frames have been analyzed in terms of EM wave parameters,
S11
(reflection coefficient),
S21
(transmission coefficient),
I1
(input power at port 1),
O1
(output power at port 1),
O2
(output power at port 2), P
in
(input power incident on sample specimen), Pre
fle
(reflected power at a point close to the transmitter), P
trans
(power transmitted through the sample), SE
refle
(shielding effectiveness of reflection loss), SE
abs
(shielding effectiveness of absorption loss), SE
tot
(total shielding effectiveness), and RCS (
σ
) (radar cross-section). These parameters have been verified in the X-band frequency operation in the 8- to 12-GHz frequency range. Using these stealth films and frames, the minimum values of
S11, S21,
and SE
tot
of − 40 dB, − 0.6 dB, and 0.7 dB, respectively, in WGM and − 75 dB, − 76 dB, and − 75 dB, respectively, in OATS, were achieved. Further, the achieved RCS reduction level falls in the range of 0.09–1.5 m
2
over the 8–10.1 GHz frequency range, and in the range 1.6–4 m
2
above 10.1 GHz and up to 12 GHz, as presented in this paper. The experimental results give a good agreement between the design material and their EM behaviors, so their suitability for stealth applications is justified.</description><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Effectiveness</subject><subject>Electronic warfare</subject><subject>Electronics and Microelectronics</subject><subject>Frames</subject><subject>Frequency ranges</subject><subject>Instrumentation</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Measurement methods</subject><subject>Military operations</subject><subject>Miniature aircraft</subject><subject>Oats</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Original Research Article</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Polyethylene terephthalate</subject><subject>Radar cross sections</subject><subject>Reflectance</subject><subject>Shielding</subject><subject>Silica fume</subject><subject>Solid State Physics</subject><subject>Stealth technology</subject><subject>Superhigh frequencies</subject><subject>Unmanned aerial vehicles</subject><subject>Wave reflection</subject><subject>Waveguides</subject><issn>0361-5235</issn><issn>1543-186X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kFFLwzAUhYMoOKd_wKeAz9HcpEnTR52dDhQFJ_gW0ibdOrp2Jt3G_r3RCr75dC_cc849fAhdAr0GStObACBlQijjBGiacLI_QiMQcQElP47RiHIJRDAuTtFZCCtKQYCCEcrvXagXLTatxfkzvnNLs6s7bxr81m_tAXcVfs3neFo364CrzuPZeuO7nbPx7kzTL-vWhXCOTirTBHfxO8fofZrPJ4_k6eVhNrl9IiVLaU8MNco6kYJMmMlKy41R0rGiooVIZFUoZ6kpykqmkBYllEXmBIVSGkisZEzwMboacmOHz60LvV51W9_Gl5oplWQcMsWjig2q0ncheFfpja_Xxh80UP2NSw-4dMSlf3DpfTTxwRSiuF04_xf9j-sLDY5tUA</recordid><startdate>20231201</startdate><enddate>20231201</enddate><creator>Sawant, Kailas Kantilal</creator><creator>Shanmughan, Bhavana</creator><creator>Soni, Samraddhi</creator><creator>Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian</creator><creator>Anthonisamy, Arockia Bazil Raj</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-217X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231201</creationdate><title>Design and EM Behavioral Study of PET Films for Improved Stealthiness</title><author>Sawant, Kailas Kantilal ; Shanmughan, Bhavana ; Soni, Samraddhi ; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian ; Anthonisamy, Arockia Bazil Raj</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c270t-a0a8de571642a9cd3aa86e2bf0b546fb8ed0abcf6717bc1cb9e501c6a14d62253</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Effectiveness</topic><topic>Electronic warfare</topic><topic>Electronics and Microelectronics</topic><topic>Frames</topic><topic>Frequency ranges</topic><topic>Instrumentation</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Measurement methods</topic><topic>Military operations</topic><topic>Miniature aircraft</topic><topic>Oats</topic><topic>Optical and Electronic Materials</topic><topic>Original Research Article</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Polyethylene terephthalate</topic><topic>Radar cross sections</topic><topic>Reflectance</topic><topic>Shielding</topic><topic>Silica fume</topic><topic>Solid State Physics</topic><topic>Stealth technology</topic><topic>Superhigh frequencies</topic><topic>Unmanned aerial vehicles</topic><topic>Wave reflection</topic><topic>Waveguides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sawant, Kailas Kantilal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanmughan, Bhavana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soni, Samraddhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anthonisamy, Arockia Bazil Raj</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>Journal of electronic materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sawant, Kailas Kantilal</au><au>Shanmughan, Bhavana</au><au>Soni, Samraddhi</au><au>Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian</au><au>Anthonisamy, Arockia Bazil Raj</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Design and EM Behavioral Study of PET Films for Improved Stealthiness</atitle><jtitle>Journal of electronic materials</jtitle><stitle>J. Electron. Mater</stitle><date>2023-12-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>8203</spage><epage>8219</epage><pages>8203-8219</pages><issn>0361-5235</issn><eissn>1543-186X</eissn><abstract>Different types of stealth films and their electromagnetic (EM) behavioral characteristics have been studied to fulfil the stealth requirements of today’s electronic warfare (EW) for military mission success. The EM performance of stealth films has been measured using two different measurement methods: wave guide measurement (WGM) and open area test site (OATS). Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (sample B1) has been used as the base material to design and fabricate composite stealth films, films N (PET + conductive paint), S (PET + conductive paint + fumed silica), Q (PET + conductive paint + aluminum), and P (PET + conductive paint + aluminum + fumed silica). The conductive paint and fumed silica are used to design and fabricate small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV) model stealth frames. The detailed parametric studies of these films and frames have been analyzed in terms of EM wave parameters,
S11
(reflection coefficient),
S21
(transmission coefficient),
I1
(input power at port 1),
O1
(output power at port 1),
O2
(output power at port 2), P
in
(input power incident on sample specimen), Pre
fle
(reflected power at a point close to the transmitter), P
trans
(power transmitted through the sample), SE
refle
(shielding effectiveness of reflection loss), SE
abs
(shielding effectiveness of absorption loss), SE
tot
(total shielding effectiveness), and RCS (
σ
) (radar cross-section). These parameters have been verified in the X-band frequency operation in the 8- to 12-GHz frequency range. Using these stealth films and frames, the minimum values of
S11, S21,
and SE
tot
of − 40 dB, − 0.6 dB, and 0.7 dB, respectively, in WGM and − 75 dB, − 76 dB, and − 75 dB, respectively, in OATS, were achieved. Further, the achieved RCS reduction level falls in the range of 0.09–1.5 m
2
over the 8–10.1 GHz frequency range, and in the range 1.6–4 m
2
above 10.1 GHz and up to 12 GHz, as presented in this paper. The experimental results give a good agreement between the design material and their EM behaviors, so their suitability for stealth applications is justified.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11664-023-10743-w</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-217X</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Aluminum Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Effectiveness Electronic warfare Electronics and Microelectronics Frames Frequency ranges Instrumentation Materials Science Measurement methods Military operations Miniature aircraft Oats Optical and Electronic Materials Original Research Article Parameters Polyethylene terephthalate Radar cross sections Reflectance Shielding Silica fume Solid State Physics Stealth technology Superhigh frequencies Unmanned aerial vehicles Wave reflection Waveguides |
| title | Design and EM Behavioral Study of PET Films for Improved Stealthiness |
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