Improved Model for GIC Calculation in the Mexican Power Grid
We present the first observations of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the Mexican power grid and an improved model to calculate them. The new model comprises ca. 250 substations working at various voltage levels, a methodology to estimate geomagnetic disturbances (δB) at different points th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Space Weather 2023-10, Vol.21 (10) |
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| creator | Caraballo, R. González‐Esparza, J. A. Pacheco, C. R. Corona‐Romero, P. |
| description | We present the first observations of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the Mexican power grid and an improved model to calculate them. The new model comprises ca. 250 substations working at various voltage levels, a methodology to estimate geomagnetic disturbances (δB) at different points throughout the Mexican territory, and a 1D piecewise model that considers lateral variations in the ground conductivity. This is an improvement of a former uniform conductivity model presented previously to calculate our first GIC estimates (Caraballo et al., 2020). We compared the observed and calculated GIC between August and November 2021 at a coastal 400 kV substation. During this interval, five geomagnetic storms occurred (G1 and G2). The observed GIC exceeded 10 A during the most strong event; this shows a clear grid response even under weak geomagnetic perturbations that occurred during the solar minimum. Further comparison with the results of the former model suggests that the new 1D piecewise model yields better GIC estimates for the Mexican power grid. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2022SW003202 |
| format | Article |
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A. ; Pacheco, C. R. ; Corona‐Romero, P.</creator><creatorcontrib>Caraballo, R. ; González‐Esparza, J. A. ; Pacheco, C. R. ; Corona‐Romero, P.</creatorcontrib><description>We present the first observations of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the Mexican power grid and an improved model to calculate them. The new model comprises ca. 250 substations working at various voltage levels, a methodology to estimate geomagnetic disturbances (δB) at different points throughout the Mexican territory, and a 1D piecewise model that considers lateral variations in the ground conductivity. This is an improvement of a former uniform conductivity model presented previously to calculate our first GIC estimates (Caraballo et al., 2020). We compared the observed and calculated GIC between August and November 2021 at a coastal 400 kV substation. During this interval, five geomagnetic storms occurred (G1 and G2). The observed GIC exceeded 10 A during the most strong event; this shows a clear grid response even under weak geomagnetic perturbations that occurred during the solar minimum. Further comparison with the results of the former model suggests that the new 1D piecewise model yields better GIC estimates for the Mexican power grid.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1542-7390</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1539-4964</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1542-7390</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2022SW003202</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Conductivity ; Electric currents ; Electric properties ; Electrical transmission ; Estimates ; Geomagnetic disturbances ; Geomagnetic storms ; Geomagnetism ; Ionospheric research ; Magnetic storms ; Mathematical models ; Modelling ; Perturbation ; Solar minimum ; Substations</subject><ispartof>Space Weather, 2023-10, Vol.21 (10)</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). 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The observed GIC exceeded 10 A during the most strong event; this shows a clear grid response even under weak geomagnetic perturbations that occurred during the solar minimum. Further comparison with the results of the former model suggests that the new 1D piecewise model yields better GIC estimates for the Mexican power grid.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Conductivity</subject><subject>Electric currents</subject><subject>Electric properties</subject><subject>Electrical transmission</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Geomagnetic disturbances</subject><subject>Geomagnetic storms</subject><subject>Geomagnetism</subject><subject>Ionospheric research</subject><subject>Magnetic storms</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Perturbation</subject><subject>Solar minimum</subject><subject>Substations</subject><issn>1542-7390</issn><issn>1539-4964</issn><issn>1542-7390</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpNUE1LAzEQDaJgrd78AQGvbs0mmc0ueCnFj4JFQcVjCMlEU7abmt368e9NqYcyh3nMvHlveIScl2xSMt5cccb58xtjIoMDMipB8kKJhh3u4WNy0vdLxrgELkfker5ap_iFji6iw5b6mOjdfEZnprWb1gwhdjR0dPhAusCfYE1Hn-I3ZlIK7pQcedP2ePbfx-T19uZldl88PGaN6UNhhWRD4Tw42QgEZQRvajBKeAZ1hQLRNKXCvK-NU8AtB2CVEQDOVLIGLxsshRiTi51ufvVzg_2gl3GTumypeV1zAbXikFmTHevdtKhD5-OQjM3lcBVs7NCHPJ8qxYBDJbeyl7sDm2LfJ_R6ncLKpF9dMr0NVO8HKv4Ab6Fk3A</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Caraballo, R.</creator><creator>González‐Esparza, J. 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R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corona‐Romero, P.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale Academic OneFile</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Space Weather</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Caraballo, R.</au><au>González‐Esparza, J. A.</au><au>Pacheco, C. R.</au><au>Corona‐Romero, P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Improved Model for GIC Calculation in the Mexican Power Grid</atitle><jtitle>Space Weather</jtitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>10</issue><issn>1542-7390</issn><issn>1539-4964</issn><eissn>1542-7390</eissn><abstract>We present the first observations of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the Mexican power grid and an improved model to calculate them. The new model comprises ca. 250 substations working at various voltage levels, a methodology to estimate geomagnetic disturbances (δB) at different points throughout the Mexican territory, and a 1D piecewise model that considers lateral variations in the ground conductivity. This is an improvement of a former uniform conductivity model presented previously to calculate our first GIC estimates (Caraballo et al., 2020). We compared the observed and calculated GIC between August and November 2021 at a coastal 400 kV substation. During this interval, five geomagnetic storms occurred (G1 and G2). The observed GIC exceeded 10 A during the most strong event; this shows a clear grid response even under weak geomagnetic perturbations that occurred during the solar minimum. Further comparison with the results of the former model suggests that the new 1D piecewise model yields better GIC estimates for the Mexican power grid.</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2022SW003202</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4774-1829</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-1591</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Analysis Conductivity Electric currents Electric properties Electrical transmission Estimates Geomagnetic disturbances Geomagnetic storms Geomagnetism Ionospheric research Magnetic storms Mathematical models Modelling Perturbation Solar minimum Substations |
| title | Improved Model for GIC Calculation in the Mexican Power Grid |
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