Mechanical activation and physicochemical factors controlling pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and electrometallurgical processing of titanium ore: A review
In this study, we review the role of mechanical activation in the pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and electrometallurgical processing of titanium feedstock. Mechanical activation has been shown to decrease the activation energy of chemical reactions, thus enhancing process efficiency and prod...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 2023-08, Vol.123 (8), p.399-414 |
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| container_title | Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy |
| container_volume | 123 |
| creator | Subasinghe, H.C.S. Ratnayake, A.S. |
| description | In this study, we review the role of mechanical activation in the pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and electrometallurgical processing of titanium feedstock. Mechanical activation has been shown to decrease the activation energy of chemical reactions, thus enhancing process efficiency and product quality by reducing processing time and energy consumption. Pyrometallurgical processing is energy-intensive and time-consuming. Hydrometallurgy is costly, requires high-grade feed material, and generates toxic waste. Waste generation and process complexity are the major drawbacks of electrometallurgy and solvent extraction. Bioleaching via a mechanically activated pyrometallurgical process can be identified as an alternative method, but the lengthy processing time is the major disadvantage. Mechanically activated titanium concentrate can be used in a finely tuned combined metallurgical process to overcome the challenges and drawbacks in these technologies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.17159/2411-9717/2082/2023 |
| format | Article |
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| identifier | ISSN: 2225-6253 |
| ispartof | Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2023-08, Vol.123 (8), p.399-414 |
| issn | 2225-6253 0038-223X 2411-9717 |
| language | eng |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Bacterial leaching Chemical reactions Electrometallurgy Energy consumption Extractive metallurgy Hydrometallurgy Solvent extraction Titanium ores Toxic wastes |
| title | Mechanical activation and physicochemical factors controlling pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and electrometallurgical processing of titanium ore: A review |
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