The NANOGrav 15-year data set: Search for Transverse Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-Wave Background
Recently we found compelling evidence for a gravitational wave background with Hellings and Downs (HD) correlations in our 15-year data set. These correlations describe gravitational waves as predicted by general relativity, which has two transverse polarization modes. However, more general metric t...
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| creator | Agazie, Gabriella Anumarlapudi, Akash Archibald, Anne M Arzoumanian, Zaven Baier, Jeremy Baker, Paul T Bécsy, Bence Blecha, Laura Brazier, Adam Brook, Paul R Burke-Spolaor, Sarah Burnette, Rand Case, Robin Casey-Clyde, J Andrew Charisi, Maria Chatterjee, Shami Cohen, Tyler Cordes, James M Cornish, Neil J Crawford, Fronefield Cromartie, H Thankful Crowter, Kathryn DeCesar, Megan E DeGan, Dallas Demorest, Paul B Dolch, Timothy Drachler, Brendan Ferrara, Elizabeth C Fiore, William Fonseca, Emmanuel Freedman, Gabriel E Garver-Daniels, Nate Gentile, Peter A Glaser, Joseph Good, Deborah C Gültekin, Kayhan Hazboun, Jeffrey S Jennings, Ross J Johnson, Aaron D Jones, Megan L Kaiser, Andrew R Kaplan, David L Kelley, Luke Zoltan Kerr, Matthew Key, Joey S Laal, Nima Lam, Michael T Lamb, William G Lazio, T Joseph W Lewandowska, Natalia Liu, Tingting Lorimer, Duncan R Luo, Jing Lynch, Ryan S Chung-Pei, Ma Madison, Dustin R McEwen, Alexander McKee, James W McLaughlin, Maura A McMann, Natasha Meyers, Bradley W Mingarelli, Chiara M F Mitridate, Andrea Natarajan, Priyamvada Ng, Cherry Nice, David J Stella Koch Ocker Olum, Ken D Pennucci, Timothy T Perera, Benetge B P Pol, Nihan S Radovan, Henri A Ransom, Scott M Ray, Paul S Romano, Joseph D Saffer, Alexander Sardesai, Shashwat C Schmiedekamp, Ann Schmiedekamp, Carl Schmitz, Kai Shapiro-Albert, Brent J Siemens, Xavier Simon, Joseph Siwek, Magdalena S Stairs, Ingrid H Stinebring, Daniel R Stovall, Kevin Sun, Jerry P Susobhanan, Abhimanyu Swiggum, Joseph K Taylor, Jacob A Taylor, Stephen R Turner, E Unal, Caner Vallisneri, Michele Vigeland, Sarah J Wahl, Haley M Witt, Caitlin A Young, Olivia |
| description | Recently we found compelling evidence for a gravitational wave background with Hellings and Downs (HD) correlations in our 15-year data set. These correlations describe gravitational waves as predicted by general relativity, which has two transverse polarization modes. However, more general metric theories of gravity can have additional polarization modes which produce different interpulsar correlations. In this work we search the NANOGrav 15-year data set for evidence of a gravitational wave background with quadrupolar Hellings and Downs (HD) and Scalar Transverse (ST) correlations. We find that HD correlations are the best fit to the data, and no significant evidence in favor of ST correlations. While Bayes factors show strong evidence for a correlated signal, the data does not strongly prefer either correlation signature, with Bayes factors \(\sim 2\) when comparing HD to ST correlations, and \(\sim 1\) for HD plus ST correlations to HD correlations alone. However, when modeled alongside HD correlations, the amplitude and spectral index posteriors for ST correlations are uninformative, with the HD process accounting for the vast majority of the total signal. Using the optimal statistic, a frequentist technique that focuses on the pulsar-pair cross-correlations, we find median signal-to-noise-ratios of 5.0 for HD and 4.6 for ST correlations when fit for separately, and median signal-to-noise-ratios of 3.5 for HD and 3.0 for ST correlations when fit for simultaneously. While the signal-to-noise-ratios for each of the correlations are comparable, the estimated amplitude and spectral index for HD are a significantly better fit to the total signal, in agreement with our Bayesian analysis. |
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These correlations describe gravitational waves as predicted by general relativity, which has two transverse polarization modes. However, more general metric theories of gravity can have additional polarization modes which produce different interpulsar correlations. In this work we search the NANOGrav 15-year data set for evidence of a gravitational wave background with quadrupolar Hellings and Downs (HD) and Scalar Transverse (ST) correlations. We find that HD correlations are the best fit to the data, and no significant evidence in favor of ST correlations. While Bayes factors show strong evidence for a correlated signal, the data does not strongly prefer either correlation signature, with Bayes factors \(\sim 2\) when comparing HD to ST correlations, and \(\sim 1\) for HD plus ST correlations to HD correlations alone. However, when modeled alongside HD correlations, the amplitude and spectral index posteriors for ST correlations are uninformative, with the HD process accounting for the vast majority of the total signal. Using the optimal statistic, a frequentist technique that focuses on the pulsar-pair cross-correlations, we find median signal-to-noise-ratios of 5.0 for HD and 4.6 for ST correlations when fit for separately, and median signal-to-noise-ratios of 3.5 for HD and 3.0 for ST correlations when fit for simultaneously. While the signal-to-noise-ratios for each of the correlations are comparable, the estimated amplitude and spectral index for HD are a significantly better fit to the total signal, in agreement with our Bayesian analysis.</description><identifier>EISSN: 2331-8422</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ithaca: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</publisher><subject>Amplitudes ; Bayesian analysis ; Cross correlation ; Data search ; Datasets ; Gravitational waves ; Median (statistics) ; Polarization ; Pulsars ; Relativity</subject><ispartof>arXiv.org, 2023-10</ispartof><rights>2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>781,785</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Agazie, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anumarlapudi, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Archibald, Anne M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arzoumanian, Zaven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baier, Jeremy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Paul T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bécsy, Bence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blecha, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazier, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brook, Paul R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke-Spolaor, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burnette, Rand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Case, Robin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey-Clyde, J Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charisi, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chatterjee, Shami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordes, James M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cornish, Neil J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Fronefield</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromartie, H Thankful</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowter, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeCesar, Megan E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeGan, Dallas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demorest, Paul B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolch, Timothy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drachler, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrara, Elizabeth C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiore, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fonseca, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freedman, Gabriel E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garver-Daniels, Nate</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gentile, Peter A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaser, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Good, Deborah C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gültekin, Kayhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazboun, Jeffrey S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jennings, Ross J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Aaron D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Megan L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Andrew R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaplan, David L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelley, Luke Zoltan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerr, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Key, Joey S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laal, Nima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lam, Michael T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lamb, William G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lazio, T Joseph W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewandowska, Natalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Tingting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lorimer, Duncan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lynch, Ryan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung-Pei, Ma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madison, Dustin R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEwen, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKee, James W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaughlin, Maura A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McMann, Natasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Bradley W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mingarelli, Chiara M F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitridate, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Natarajan, Priyamvada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Cherry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nice, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stella Koch Ocker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olum, Ken D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pennucci, Timothy T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perera, Benetge B P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pol, Nihan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radovan, Henri A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ransom, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Paul S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romano, Joseph D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saffer, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sardesai, Shashwat C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmitz, Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shapiro-Albert, Brent J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siemens, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siwek, Magdalena S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stairs, Ingrid H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stinebring, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stovall, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jerry P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Susobhanan, Abhimanyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swiggum, Joseph K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Jacob A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Stephen R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turner, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unal, Caner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallisneri, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vigeland, Sarah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahl, Haley M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witt, Caitlin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Olivia</creatorcontrib><title>The NANOGrav 15-year data set: Search for Transverse Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-Wave Background</title><title>arXiv.org</title><description>Recently we found compelling evidence for a gravitational wave background with Hellings and Downs (HD) correlations in our 15-year data set. These correlations describe gravitational waves as predicted by general relativity, which has two transverse polarization modes. However, more general metric theories of gravity can have additional polarization modes which produce different interpulsar correlations. In this work we search the NANOGrav 15-year data set for evidence of a gravitational wave background with quadrupolar Hellings and Downs (HD) and Scalar Transverse (ST) correlations. We find that HD correlations are the best fit to the data, and no significant evidence in favor of ST correlations. While Bayes factors show strong evidence for a correlated signal, the data does not strongly prefer either correlation signature, with Bayes factors \(\sim 2\) when comparing HD to ST correlations, and \(\sim 1\) for HD plus ST correlations to HD correlations alone. However, when modeled alongside HD correlations, the amplitude and spectral index posteriors for ST correlations are uninformative, with the HD process accounting for the vast majority of the total signal. Using the optimal statistic, a frequentist technique that focuses on the pulsar-pair cross-correlations, we find median signal-to-noise-ratios of 5.0 for HD and 4.6 for ST correlations when fit for separately, and median signal-to-noise-ratios of 3.5 for HD and 3.0 for ST correlations when fit for simultaneously. While the signal-to-noise-ratios for each of the correlations are comparable, the estimated amplitude and spectral index for HD are a significantly better fit to the total signal, in agreement with our Bayesian analysis.</description><subject>Amplitudes</subject><subject>Bayesian analysis</subject><subject>Cross correlation</subject><subject>Data search</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Gravitational waves</subject><subject>Median (statistics)</subject><subject>Polarization</subject><subject>Pulsars</subject><subject>Relativity</subject><issn>2331-8422</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNjM0KglAQhS9BUJTvMNBa0GumtavoZ9MPJLSMIaeyxFszV6GePoseoNXhcL7zNVRbB4Hvxn2tW8oRuXqepweRDsOgrfLkQrAerzcLxgr80H0SMqRoEYTsCHZ1PV7gZBgSxkIqYiHYmhw5e6HNTAErk5JAVoCtVR9NZr8D5u4eK4IJHm9nNmWRdlXzhLmQ88uO6s1nyXTp3tk8ShJ7uJqS66McdBzFQ38Q-XHwH_UGlkFILw</recordid><startdate>20231018</startdate><enddate>20231018</enddate><creator>Agazie, Gabriella</creator><creator>Anumarlapudi, Akash</creator><creator>Archibald, Anne M</creator><creator>Arzoumanian, Zaven</creator><creator>Baier, Jeremy</creator><creator>Baker, Paul T</creator><creator>Bécsy, Bence</creator><creator>Blecha, 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E</creator><creator>Unal, Caner</creator><creator>Vallisneri, Michele</creator><creator>Vigeland, Sarah J</creator><creator>Wahl, Haley M</creator><creator>Witt, Caitlin A</creator><creator>Young, Olivia</creator><general>Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</general><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231018</creationdate><title>The NANOGrav 15-year data set: Search for Transverse Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-Wave Background</title><author>Agazie, Gabriella ; Anumarlapudi, Akash ; Archibald, Anne M ; Arzoumanian, Zaven ; Baier, Jeremy ; Baker, Paul T ; Bécsy, Bence ; Blecha, Laura ; Brazier, Adam ; Brook, Paul R ; Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ; Burnette, Rand ; Case, Robin ; Casey-Clyde, J Andrew ; Charisi, Maria ; Chatterjee, Shami ; Cohen, Tyler ; Cordes, James M ; Cornish, Neil J ; Crawford, Fronefield ; Cromartie, H Thankful ; Crowter, Kathryn ; DeCesar, Megan E ; DeGan, Dallas ; Demorest, Paul B ; Dolch, Timothy ; Drachler, Brendan ; Ferrara, Elizabeth C ; Fiore, William ; Fonseca, Emmanuel ; Freedman, Gabriel E ; Garver-Daniels, Nate ; Gentile, Peter A ; Glaser, Joseph ; Good, Deborah C ; Gültekin, Kayhan ; Hazboun, Jeffrey S ; Jennings, Ross J ; Johnson, Aaron D ; Jones, Megan L ; Kaiser, Andrew R ; Kaplan, David L ; Kelley, Luke Zoltan ; Kerr, Matthew ; Key, Joey S ; Laal, Nima ; Lam, Michael T ; Lamb, William G ; Lazio, T Joseph W ; Lewandowska, Natalia ; Liu, Tingting ; Lorimer, Duncan R ; Luo, Jing ; Lynch, Ryan S ; Chung-Pei, Ma ; Madison, Dustin R ; McEwen, Alexander ; McKee, James W ; McLaughlin, Maura A ; McMann, Natasha ; Meyers, Bradley W ; Mingarelli, Chiara M F ; Mitridate, Andrea ; Natarajan, Priyamvada ; Ng, Cherry ; Nice, David J ; Stella Koch Ocker ; Olum, Ken D ; Pennucci, Timothy T ; Perera, Benetge B P ; Pol, Nihan S ; Radovan, Henri A ; Ransom, Scott M ; Ray, Paul S ; Romano, Joseph D ; Saffer, Alexander ; Sardesai, Shashwat C ; Schmiedekamp, Ann ; Schmiedekamp, Carl ; Schmitz, Kai ; Shapiro-Albert, Brent J ; Siemens, Xavier ; Simon, Joseph ; Siwek, Magdalena S ; Stairs, Ingrid H ; Stinebring, Daniel R ; Stovall, Kevin ; Sun, Jerry P ; Susobhanan, Abhimanyu ; Swiggum, Joseph K ; Taylor, Jacob A ; Taylor, Stephen R ; Turner, E ; Unal, Caner ; Vallisneri, Michele ; Vigeland, Sarah J ; Wahl, Haley M ; Witt, Caitlin A ; Young, Olivia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-proquest_journals_28789167183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Amplitudes</topic><topic>Bayesian analysis</topic><topic>Cross correlation</topic><topic>Data search</topic><topic>Datasets</topic><topic>Gravitational waves</topic><topic>Median (statistics)</topic><topic>Polarization</topic><topic>Pulsars</topic><topic>Relativity</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Agazie, Gabriella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anumarlapudi, Akash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Archibald, Anne M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arzoumanian, Zaven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baier, Jeremy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Paul T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bécsy, Bence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blecha, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brazier, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brook, Paul R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke-Spolaor, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burnette, Rand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Case, Robin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casey-Clyde, J Andrew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Charisi, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chatterjee, Shami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordes, James M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cornish, Neil J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Fronefield</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromartie, H Thankful</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crowter, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeCesar, Megan E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DeGan, Dallas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Demorest, Paul B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolch, Timothy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drachler, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrara, Elizabeth C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiore, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fonseca, Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freedman, Gabriel E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garver-Daniels, Nate</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gentile, Peter A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaser, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Good, Deborah C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gültekin, Kayhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hazboun, Jeffrey S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jennings, Ross J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Aaron D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, Megan L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiser, Andrew R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaplan, David L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelley, Luke Zoltan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerr, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Key, Joey S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Laal, Nima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lam, Michael T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lamb, William G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lazio, T Joseph W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lewandowska, Natalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Tingting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lorimer, Duncan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lynch, Ryan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung-Pei, Ma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madison, Dustin R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McEwen, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKee, James W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLaughlin, Maura A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McMann, Natasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Bradley W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mingarelli, Chiara M F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitridate, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Natarajan, Priyamvada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Cherry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nice, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stella Koch Ocker</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olum, Ken D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pennucci, Timothy T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perera, Benetge B P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pol, Nihan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radovan, Henri A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ransom, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Paul S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romano, Joseph D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saffer, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sardesai, Shashwat C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmiedekamp, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmitz, Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shapiro-Albert, Brent J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siemens, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siwek, Magdalena S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stairs, Ingrid H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stinebring, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stovall, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jerry P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Susobhanan, Abhimanyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swiggum, Joseph K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Jacob A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Stephen R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turner, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unal, Caner</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallisneri, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vigeland, Sarah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wahl, Haley M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witt, Caitlin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Olivia</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Agazie, Gabriella</au><au>Anumarlapudi, Akash</au><au>Archibald, Anne M</au><au>Arzoumanian, Zaven</au><au>Baier, Jeremy</au><au>Baker, Paul T</au><au>Bécsy, Bence</au><au>Blecha, Laura</au><au>Brazier, Adam</au><au>Brook, Paul R</au><au>Burke-Spolaor, Sarah</au><au>Burnette, Rand</au><au>Case, Robin</au><au>Casey-Clyde, J Andrew</au><au>Charisi, Maria</au><au>Chatterjee, Shami</au><au>Cohen, Tyler</au><au>Cordes, James M</au><au>Cornish, Neil J</au><au>Crawford, Fronefield</au><au>Cromartie, H Thankful</au><au>Crowter, Kathryn</au><au>DeCesar, Megan E</au><au>DeGan, Dallas</au><au>Demorest, Paul B</au><au>Dolch, Timothy</au><au>Drachler, Brendan</au><au>Ferrara, Elizabeth C</au><au>Fiore, William</au><au>Fonseca, Emmanuel</au><au>Freedman, Gabriel E</au><au>Garver-Daniels, Nate</au><au>Gentile, Peter A</au><au>Glaser, Joseph</au><au>Good, Deborah C</au><au>Gültekin, Kayhan</au><au>Hazboun, Jeffrey S</au><au>Jennings, Ross J</au><au>Johnson, Aaron D</au><au>Jones, Megan L</au><au>Kaiser, Andrew R</au><au>Kaplan, David L</au><au>Kelley, Luke Zoltan</au><au>Kerr, Matthew</au><au>Key, Joey S</au><au>Laal, Nima</au><au>Lam, Michael T</au><au>Lamb, William G</au><au>Lazio, T Joseph W</au><au>Lewandowska, Natalia</au><au>Liu, Tingting</au><au>Lorimer, Duncan R</au><au>Luo, Jing</au><au>Lynch, Ryan S</au><au>Chung-Pei, Ma</au><au>Madison, Dustin R</au><au>McEwen, Alexander</au><au>McKee, James W</au><au>McLaughlin, Maura A</au><au>McMann, Natasha</au><au>Meyers, Bradley W</au><au>Mingarelli, Chiara M F</au><au>Mitridate, Andrea</au><au>Natarajan, Priyamvada</au><au>Ng, Cherry</au><au>Nice, David J</au><au>Stella Koch Ocker</au><au>Olum, Ken D</au><au>Pennucci, Timothy T</au><au>Perera, Benetge B P</au><au>Pol, Nihan S</au><au>Radovan, Henri A</au><au>Ransom, Scott M</au><au>Ray, Paul S</au><au>Romano, Joseph D</au><au>Saffer, Alexander</au><au>Sardesai, Shashwat C</au><au>Schmiedekamp, Ann</au><au>Schmiedekamp, Carl</au><au>Schmitz, Kai</au><au>Shapiro-Albert, Brent J</au><au>Siemens, Xavier</au><au>Simon, Joseph</au><au>Siwek, Magdalena S</au><au>Stairs, Ingrid H</au><au>Stinebring, Daniel R</au><au>Stovall, Kevin</au><au>Sun, Jerry P</au><au>Susobhanan, Abhimanyu</au><au>Swiggum, Joseph K</au><au>Taylor, Jacob A</au><au>Taylor, Stephen R</au><au>Turner, E</au><au>Unal, Caner</au><au>Vallisneri, Michele</au><au>Vigeland, Sarah J</au><au>Wahl, Haley M</au><au>Witt, Caitlin A</au><au>Young, Olivia</au><format>book</format><genre>document</genre><ristype>GEN</ristype><atitle>The NANOGrav 15-year data set: Search for Transverse Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-Wave Background</atitle><jtitle>arXiv.org</jtitle><date>2023-10-18</date><risdate>2023</risdate><eissn>2331-8422</eissn><abstract>Recently we found compelling evidence for a gravitational wave background with Hellings and Downs (HD) correlations in our 15-year data set. These correlations describe gravitational waves as predicted by general relativity, which has two transverse polarization modes. However, more general metric theories of gravity can have additional polarization modes which produce different interpulsar correlations. In this work we search the NANOGrav 15-year data set for evidence of a gravitational wave background with quadrupolar Hellings and Downs (HD) and Scalar Transverse (ST) correlations. We find that HD correlations are the best fit to the data, and no significant evidence in favor of ST correlations. While Bayes factors show strong evidence for a correlated signal, the data does not strongly prefer either correlation signature, with Bayes factors \(\sim 2\) when comparing HD to ST correlations, and \(\sim 1\) for HD plus ST correlations to HD correlations alone. However, when modeled alongside HD correlations, the amplitude and spectral index posteriors for ST correlations are uninformative, with the HD process accounting for the vast majority of the total signal. Using the optimal statistic, a frequentist technique that focuses on the pulsar-pair cross-correlations, we find median signal-to-noise-ratios of 5.0 for HD and 4.6 for ST correlations when fit for separately, and median signal-to-noise-ratios of 3.5 for HD and 3.0 for ST correlations when fit for simultaneously. While the signal-to-noise-ratios for each of the correlations are comparable, the estimated amplitude and spectral index for HD are a significantly better fit to the total signal, in agreement with our Bayesian analysis.</abstract><cop>Ithaca</cop><pub>Cornell University Library, arXiv.org</pub><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | EISSN: 2331-8422 |
| ispartof | arXiv.org, 2023-10 |
| issn | 2331-8422 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2878916718 |
| source | Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Amplitudes Bayesian analysis Cross correlation Data search Datasets Gravitational waves Median (statistics) Polarization Pulsars Relativity |
| title | The NANOGrav 15-year data set: Search for Transverse Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-Wave Background |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-18T14%3A16%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=document&rft.atitle=The%20NANOGrav%2015-year%20data%20set:%20Search%20for%20Transverse%20Polarization%20Modes%20in%20the%20Gravitational-Wave%20Background&rft.jtitle=arXiv.org&rft.au=Agazie,%20Gabriella&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.eissn=2331-8422&rft_id=info:doi/&rft_dat=%3Cproquest%3E2878916718%3C/proquest%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2878916718&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |