Physical development and functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus of students of different health groups

Purpose. To determine the strength of the relationship between the body mass index and the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus of students with different levels of somatic health in order to correct the educational process in physical education classes. Materials and methods. The study involved 216 students of the Medical University of Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) aged 19.6±1.4 years. Of these, 101 male students took part in the study, namely, 59 of them had a basic medical group, and 42 people had a preparatory medical group for physical culture and sports, and 115 female students, of which 71 people had a basic medical group, and 44 people have a preparatory group. To determine height and weight indicators, as well as body mass index, a certified height meter with floor scales was used. We correlated the obtained data with the gradation of body mass index according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The state of the neuromuscular apparatus was assessed using two tests: the tapping test and the accuracy of muscle efforts. The tapping test was carried out according to the standard method. The strength assessment was determined by the method of carpal dynamometry with the calculation of absolute and relative strength indices. In addition, the accuracy of muscle efforts was monitored and correlated with a standardized scale for interpreting the results. To determine the relationship between body mass index and the state of the neuromuscular apparatus, the correlation coefficient was used. Results. It was found that among the male representatives of the preparatory group, the body mass index approaches the state of obesity. In the study of the coefficient of strength of the nervous system, an average type is observed in all representatives of the student youth, however, in the girls of the main group, there is a tendency to shift towards a strong type of the nervous system, especially for the right hand, and a more pronounced increase in the coefficient of functional asymmetry was recorded in the boys of the preparatory group. According to the values of absolute and relative strength indicators of the hands of both hands, significantly low strength characteristics were recorded in boys and girls of the preparatory group. The accuracy of muscle efforts shows a higher adaptability in the performance of the test among the students of the main group. Conclusions. Correlation analysis demonstrated a relationship between an increase in