Acceleration of sand filtration start-up for manganese-containing groundwater treatment: microbial-mediated autocatalytic oxidation of manganese oxides

The lengthy start-up period remains a bottleneck in treating manganese-polluted groundwater with rapid sand filters (RSFs). Manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) and biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) are significant in accelerating the start-up of RSFs, while their interaction mechanism remains uncl...

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