Preparation of Teakwood Bending Components with Excellent Softening Properties by Vacuum Impregnation with Triethanolamine Compounding Solution
To study the softening bending properties and mechanism of teakwood, it was extractively pretreated by using superheated steam, the triethanolamine compound was used as a softening solution, which was infiltrated into the wood by vacuum impregnation and synergistically softened through saturated ste...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Forests 2023-09, Vol.14 (9), p.1773 |
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| creator | Yao, Linghua Ji, Lina Sun, Delin Wang, Zhangheng Ge, Hui Xu, Man Yu, Minggong |
| description | To study the softening bending properties and mechanism of teakwood, it was extractively pretreated by using superheated steam, the triethanolamine compound was used as a softening solution, which was infiltrated into the wood by vacuum impregnation and synergistically softened through saturated steam to improve the bending properties of teakwood. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the synergistic softening treatment elevated the content of O and N elements in the softening solution and together with the C elements in the wood, formed C-NH2 and C-N bonds, which increased the molecular activity and improved the softening properties of teakwood. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that the outer conduits, cell walls, and fibrous tissue structures of the teakwood were stretched after softening and bending, and even microcracks of different degrees were formed between the cell walls. According to the load–deformation relationship of teakwood softening bending, the stress–strain relationship was theoretically derived and the bifold constitutive model of teakwood bending was constructed after fitting the constitutive relationship data, the integrated correlation coefficient R2 was 96.25%, which proved that the present model can better simulate the constitutive relationship of teakwood in bending. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/f14091773 |
| format | Article |
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Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the synergistic softening treatment elevated the content of O and N elements in the softening solution and together with the C elements in the wood, formed C-NH2 and C-N bonds, which increased the molecular activity and improved the softening properties of teakwood. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that the outer conduits, cell walls, and fibrous tissue structures of the teakwood were stretched after softening and bending, and even microcracks of different degrees were formed between the cell walls. According to the load–deformation relationship of teakwood softening bending, the stress–strain relationship was theoretically derived and the bifold constitutive model of teakwood bending was constructed after fitting the constitutive relationship data, the integrated correlation coefficient R2 was 96.25%, which proved that the present model can better simulate the constitutive relationship of teakwood in bending.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/f14091773</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Ammonia ; Bending ; Carbon 13 ; Cell walls ; Cellulose ; Constitutive models ; Constitutive relationships ; Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Deformation ; Fourier analysis ; Fourier transforms ; Infrared analysis ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Mathematical models ; Mechanical properties ; Microcracks ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Pasteurization ; Photoelectron spectroscopy ; Photoelectrons ; Porous materials ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Softening ; Spectrum analysis ; Stress-strain relationships ; Temperature ; Triethanolamine ; Vacuum ; Wood ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Forests, 2023-09, Vol.14 (9), p.1773</ispartof><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the synergistic softening treatment elevated the content of O and N elements in the softening solution and together with the C elements in the wood, formed C-NH2 and C-N bonds, which increased the molecular activity and improved the softening properties of teakwood. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that the outer conduits, cell walls, and fibrous tissue structures of the teakwood were stretched after softening and bending, and even microcracks of different degrees were formed between the cell walls. According to the load–deformation relationship of teakwood softening bending, the stress–strain relationship was theoretically derived and the bifold constitutive model of teakwood bending was constructed after fitting the constitutive relationship data, the integrated correlation coefficient R2 was 96.25%, which proved that the present model can better simulate the constitutive relationship of teakwood in bending.</description><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Bending</subject><subject>Carbon 13</subject><subject>Cell walls</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Constitutive models</subject><subject>Constitutive relationships</subject><subject>Correlation coefficient</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Deformation</subject><subject>Fourier analysis</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Infrared analysis</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microcracks</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Pasteurization</subject><subject>Photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Porous materials</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Softening</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Stress-strain relationships</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Triethanolamine</subject><subject>Vacuum</subject><subject>Wood</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>1999-4907</issn><issn>1999-4907</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkM9Kw0AQxhdRsGgPvsGCJw_R7J9ms0ctVQsFC61ewyaZbVOT3bi7ofYpfGVTI-JcZgZ-8w3fh9AViW8Zk_GdJjyWRAh2gkZEShlxGYvTf_M5Gnu_i_uaiFRSPkJfSwetcipU1mCr8RrU-97aEj-AKSuzwVPbtNaACR7vq7DFs88C6rrf8crqAObILJ1twYUKPM4P-E0VXdfgedM62JhB-ed07SoIW2VsrZrKwCDdDW9Wtu6O5CU606r2MP7tF-j1cbaePkeLl6f59H4RFXRCQ0R1WWoFmvZ2mYZ8wkrgsrdUgKSl4CLmwHNFFE3zHmBSFUALAZKRlCeCsQt0Pei2zn504EO2s50z_cuMpolkNGEJ6ambgSqc9d6BzlpXNcodMhJnx8izv8jZN8GAdvM</recordid><startdate>20230901</startdate><enddate>20230901</enddate><creator>Yao, Linghua</creator><creator>Ji, Lina</creator><creator>Sun, Delin</creator><creator>Wang, Zhangheng</creator><creator>Ge, Hui</creator><creator>Xu, Man</creator><creator>Yu, Minggong</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-7692</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230901</creationdate><title>Preparation of Teakwood Bending Components with Excellent Softening Properties by Vacuum Impregnation with Triethanolamine Compounding Solution</title><author>Yao, Linghua ; 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Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the synergistic softening treatment elevated the content of O and N elements in the softening solution and together with the C elements in the wood, formed C-NH2 and C-N bonds, which increased the molecular activity and improved the softening properties of teakwood. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that the outer conduits, cell walls, and fibrous tissue structures of the teakwood were stretched after softening and bending, and even microcracks of different degrees were formed between the cell walls. According to the load–deformation relationship of teakwood softening bending, the stress–strain relationship was theoretically derived and the bifold constitutive model of teakwood bending was constructed after fitting the constitutive relationship data, the integrated correlation coefficient R2 was 96.25%, which proved that the present model can better simulate the constitutive relationship of teakwood in bending.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/f14091773</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-7692</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Ammonia Bending Carbon 13 Cell walls Cellulose Constitutive models Constitutive relationships Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Deformation Fourier analysis Fourier transforms Infrared analysis Infrared spectroscopy Mathematical models Mechanical properties Microcracks NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Pasteurization Photoelectron spectroscopy Photoelectrons Porous materials Scanning electron microscopy Softening Spectrum analysis Stress-strain relationships Temperature Triethanolamine Vacuum Wood X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | Preparation of Teakwood Bending Components with Excellent Softening Properties by Vacuum Impregnation with Triethanolamine Compounding Solution |
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