Spatial variability and hydrochemical quality of groundwater of Hyderabad Rural, Sindh, Pakistan
A present study was carried out to examine the quality of groundwater of Taluka Hyderabad Rural, District Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan. A total of 80 samples were collected during July 2020 and analyzed for 22 different physicochemical parameters. The samples were evaluated for contamination index ( C...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sustainable water resources management 2023-10, Vol.9 (5), p.164, Article 164 |
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| creator | Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque Arain, Ghulam Murtaza Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal |
| description | A present study was carried out to examine the quality of groundwater of Taluka Hyderabad Rural, District Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan. A total of 80 samples were collected during July 2020 and analyzed for 22 different physicochemical parameters. The samples were evaluated for contamination index (
C
d
) and water quality index (WQI). The groundwater was also analyzed to check suitability for irrigation, using parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na %), permeability index, Kelly's index, salinity hazard, and Wilcox diagram. The statistical analyses were carried out such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The Gibb’s diagrams and hydrochemical facies (Piper diagrams) were examined to evaluate the geochemistry of the study area. The results of physicochemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization guideline (WHO). Electrical conductivity (65%), TDS (82.5%), alkalinity (62%), total hardness (77.4%), and Cl
−
(60%) of samples were above WHO permissible limits. The contaminated index (
C
d
) of 75% samples showed risk for human health and WQI of 45.0% samples were found in poor to very poor water category. The Piper diagrams indicated Na and K dominance followed by Ca and Mg. Among anions, Cl
−
was dominating followed by HCO
3
−
. The chronic daily intake (CDI) values were within 0.586–17.877 and higher than threshold value of 1 at a number of sampling stations. The average values of hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1, but indicated order, Cd > Pb > Cu, and were greater than 1 at some places. The results of groundwater quality indicated that 21–100% were not suitable for irrigation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40899-023-00944-w |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2865686711</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2865686711</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-b53c06c49128b6e5a6f1221a23b13eedb15af7b26fe84baed68089c5d590d4673</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kM1OwzAQhC0EEhX0BThF4tqAf2InPqIKKFIlEIWzWcdO65ImrZ1Q5e1JGwQ3TrurmdnVfghdEXxDME5vQ4IzKWNMWYyxTJJ4f4JGlAkWc5zw09-epedoHMIaY0x4JmQqR-hjsYXGQRl9gXegXemaLoLKRKvO-Dpf2Y3Le3XXwlGpi2jp67Yye2isP4yzzlgPGkz02nooJ9HCVWY1iV7g04UGqkt0VkAZ7PinXqD3h_u36SyePz8-Te_mcc6IbGLNWY5FnkhCMy0sB1EQSglQpgmz1mjCoUg1FYXNEg3WiKx_OueGS2wSkbILdD3s3fp619rQqHXd-qo_qWgmuMhESkjvooMr93UI3hZq690GfKcIVgeYaoCpepjqCFPt-xAbQqE3V0vr_1b_k_oGdIF4lg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2865686711</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Spatial variability and hydrochemical quality of groundwater of Hyderabad Rural, Sindh, Pakistan</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan ; Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar ; Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir ; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque ; Arain, Ghulam Murtaza ; Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad ; Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal</creator><creatorcontrib>Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan ; Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar ; Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir ; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque ; Arain, Ghulam Murtaza ; Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad ; Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal</creatorcontrib><description>A present study was carried out to examine the quality of groundwater of Taluka Hyderabad Rural, District Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan. A total of 80 samples were collected during July 2020 and analyzed for 22 different physicochemical parameters. The samples were evaluated for contamination index (
C
d
) and water quality index (WQI). The groundwater was also analyzed to check suitability for irrigation, using parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na %), permeability index, Kelly's index, salinity hazard, and Wilcox diagram. The statistical analyses were carried out such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The Gibb’s diagrams and hydrochemical facies (Piper diagrams) were examined to evaluate the geochemistry of the study area. The results of physicochemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization guideline (WHO). Electrical conductivity (65%), TDS (82.5%), alkalinity (62%), total hardness (77.4%), and Cl
−
(60%) of samples were above WHO permissible limits. The contaminated index (
C
d
) of 75% samples showed risk for human health and WQI of 45.0% samples were found in poor to very poor water category. The Piper diagrams indicated Na and K dominance followed by Ca and Mg. Among anions, Cl
−
was dominating followed by HCO
3
−
. The chronic daily intake (CDI) values were within 0.586–17.877 and higher than threshold value of 1 at a number of sampling stations. The average values of hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1, but indicated order, Cd > Pb > Cu, and were greater than 1 at some places. The results of groundwater quality indicated that 21–100% were not suitable for irrigation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2363-5037</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2363-5045</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40899-023-00944-w</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Alkalinity ; Anions ; Cadmium ; Cluster analysis ; Contamination ; Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Development Economics ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Geochemistry ; Groundwater ; Groundwater quality ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Irrigation ; Original Article ; Parameters ; Permeability ; Physicochemical processes ; Physicochemical properties ; Principal components analysis ; Sodium ; Spatial variations ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; Sustainable Development ; Water hardness ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management ; Water quality</subject><ispartof>Sustainable water resources management, 2023-10, Vol.9 (5), p.164, Article 164</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-b53c06c49128b6e5a6f1221a23b13eedb15af7b26fe84baed68089c5d590d4673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-b53c06c49128b6e5a6f1221a23b13eedb15af7b26fe84baed68089c5d590d4673</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40899-023-00944-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40899-023-00944-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912,41475,42544,51306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arain, Ghulam Murtaza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal</creatorcontrib><title>Spatial variability and hydrochemical quality of groundwater of Hyderabad Rural, Sindh, Pakistan</title><title>Sustainable water resources management</title><addtitle>Sustain. Water Resour. Manag</addtitle><description>A present study was carried out to examine the quality of groundwater of Taluka Hyderabad Rural, District Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan. A total of 80 samples were collected during July 2020 and analyzed for 22 different physicochemical parameters. The samples were evaluated for contamination index (
C
d
) and water quality index (WQI). The groundwater was also analyzed to check suitability for irrigation, using parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na %), permeability index, Kelly's index, salinity hazard, and Wilcox diagram. The statistical analyses were carried out such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The Gibb’s diagrams and hydrochemical facies (Piper diagrams) were examined to evaluate the geochemistry of the study area. The results of physicochemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization guideline (WHO). Electrical conductivity (65%), TDS (82.5%), alkalinity (62%), total hardness (77.4%), and Cl
−
(60%) of samples were above WHO permissible limits. The contaminated index (
C
d
) of 75% samples showed risk for human health and WQI of 45.0% samples were found in poor to very poor water category. The Piper diagrams indicated Na and K dominance followed by Ca and Mg. Among anions, Cl
−
was dominating followed by HCO
3
−
. The chronic daily intake (CDI) values were within 0.586–17.877 and higher than threshold value of 1 at a number of sampling stations. The average values of hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1, but indicated order, Cd > Pb > Cu, and were greater than 1 at some places. The results of groundwater quality indicated that 21–100% were not suitable for irrigation.</description><subject>Alkalinity</subject><subject>Anions</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Correlation coefficient</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Development Economics</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater quality</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Irrigation</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Physicochemical processes</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Spatial variations</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Sustainable Development</subject><subject>Water hardness</subject><subject>Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><issn>2363-5037</issn><issn>2363-5045</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1OwzAQhC0EEhX0BThF4tqAf2InPqIKKFIlEIWzWcdO65ImrZ1Q5e1JGwQ3TrurmdnVfghdEXxDME5vQ4IzKWNMWYyxTJJ4f4JGlAkWc5zw09-epedoHMIaY0x4JmQqR-hjsYXGQRl9gXegXemaLoLKRKvO-Dpf2Y3Le3XXwlGpi2jp67Yye2isP4yzzlgPGkz02nooJ9HCVWY1iV7g04UGqkt0VkAZ7PinXqD3h_u36SyePz8-Te_mcc6IbGLNWY5FnkhCMy0sB1EQSglQpgmz1mjCoUg1FYXNEg3WiKx_OueGS2wSkbILdD3s3fp619rQqHXd-qo_qWgmuMhESkjvooMr93UI3hZq690GfKcIVgeYaoCpepjqCFPt-xAbQqE3V0vr_1b_k_oGdIF4lg</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan</creator><creator>Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar</creator><creator>Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir</creator><creator>Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque</creator><creator>Arain, Ghulam Murtaza</creator><creator>Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad</creator><creator>Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20231001</creationdate><title>Spatial variability and hydrochemical quality of groundwater of Hyderabad Rural, Sindh, Pakistan</title><author>Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan ; Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar ; Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir ; Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque ; Arain, Ghulam Murtaza ; Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad ; Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-b53c06c49128b6e5a6f1221a23b13eedb15af7b26fe84baed68089c5d590d4673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Alkalinity</topic><topic>Anions</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Cluster analysis</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Correlation coefficient</topic><topic>Correlation coefficients</topic><topic>Development Economics</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Electrical conductivity</topic><topic>Electrical resistivity</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater quality</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Irrigation</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Physicochemical processes</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Principal components analysis</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Spatial variations</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Sustainable Development</topic><topic>Water hardness</topic><topic>Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arain, Ghulam Murtaza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><jtitle>Sustainable water resources management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khokhar, Laeeq Ahmed Khan</au><au>Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar</au><au>Khuhawar, Taj Muhammad Jahangir</au><au>Lanjwani, Muhammad Farooque</au><au>Arain, Ghulam Murtaza</au><au>Khokhar, Faiz Muhammad</au><au>Khaskheli, Mezhar Iqbal</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spatial variability and hydrochemical quality of groundwater of Hyderabad Rural, Sindh, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Sustainable water resources management</jtitle><stitle>Sustain. Water Resour. Manag</stitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>164</spage><pages>164-</pages><artnum>164</artnum><issn>2363-5037</issn><eissn>2363-5045</eissn><abstract>A present study was carried out to examine the quality of groundwater of Taluka Hyderabad Rural, District Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan. A total of 80 samples were collected during July 2020 and analyzed for 22 different physicochemical parameters. The samples were evaluated for contamination index (
C
d
) and water quality index (WQI). The groundwater was also analyzed to check suitability for irrigation, using parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na %), permeability index, Kelly's index, salinity hazard, and Wilcox diagram. The statistical analyses were carried out such as correlation coefficient, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The Gibb’s diagrams and hydrochemical facies (Piper diagrams) were examined to evaluate the geochemistry of the study area. The results of physicochemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization guideline (WHO). Electrical conductivity (65%), TDS (82.5%), alkalinity (62%), total hardness (77.4%), and Cl
−
(60%) of samples were above WHO permissible limits. The contaminated index (
C
d
) of 75% samples showed risk for human health and WQI of 45.0% samples were found in poor to very poor water category. The Piper diagrams indicated Na and K dominance followed by Ca and Mg. Among anions, Cl
−
was dominating followed by HCO
3
−
. The chronic daily intake (CDI) values were within 0.586–17.877 and higher than threshold value of 1 at a number of sampling stations. The average values of hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1, but indicated order, Cd > Pb > Cu, and were greater than 1 at some places. The results of groundwater quality indicated that 21–100% were not suitable for irrigation.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s40899-023-00944-w</doi></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alkalinity Anions Cadmium Cluster analysis Contamination Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Development Economics Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Geochemistry Groundwater Groundwater quality Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Irrigation Original Article Parameters Permeability Physicochemical processes Physicochemical properties Principal components analysis Sodium Spatial variations Statistical analysis Statistical methods Sustainable Development Water hardness Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management Water quality |
| title | Spatial variability and hydrochemical quality of groundwater of Hyderabad Rural, Sindh, Pakistan |
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