Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Tunisia
The main aim of this study was to establish the chemical composition, and phenolic compounds, as well as to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob grown in Tunisia. Carob pulp meal contained high levels of carbohydrates (44.18%) primarily consisting of 37.05% sucrose,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Chemical papers 2023-10, Vol.77 (10), p.6125-6134 |
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| description | The main aim of this study was to establish the chemical composition, and phenolic compounds, as well as to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob grown in Tunisia. Carob pulp meal contained high levels of carbohydrates (44.18%) primarily consisting of 37.05% sucrose, 7.45% fructose, and 2.67% glucose along with appreciable amounts of protein (6.48%), fiber (3.11%), and low-fat content (1.32%). Carob pulp is considered a rich source of Ca (2646.4 mg/kg DW), Mg (504.3 mg/kg), and also incorporates minor amounts of Fe (10.1 mg/kg), and Cu ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11696-023-02926-w |
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4
/g DE). The analysis of HPLC of ethanolic extract of carob pulp identified six organic compounds. Isorhamnetin (5.67 mg/g DE) and quercetin (3.21 mg/g DE) recorded the highest values. The antimicrobial activity was revealed on five microorganisms. Ethanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities with diameters inhibition zones ranging from 6 to 25 mm.
Graphic abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0366-6352</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1336-9075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2585-7290</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02926-w</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Antimicrobial agents ; Antioxidants ; Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; Carbohydrates ; Carob ; Chemical composition ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Chemistry/Food Science ; Flavonoids ; Fungicides ; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering ; Materials Science ; Medicinal Chemistry ; Organic compounds ; Original Paper ; Phenols ; Polyphenols</subject><ispartof>Chemical papers, 2023-10, Vol.77 (10), p.6125-6134</ispartof><rights>Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-673f5902022ed89d956f0af83ca8813a22b4e98e65c16479481a4faeb13c0fe33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-673f5902022ed89d956f0af83ca8813a22b4e98e65c16479481a4faeb13c0fe33</cites><orcidid>0009-0003-6007-6250</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11696-023-02926-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11696-023-02926-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khelouf, Imene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jabri Karoui, Iness</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abderrabba, Manef</creatorcontrib><title>Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Tunisia</title><title>Chemical papers</title><addtitle>Chem. Pap</addtitle><description>The main aim of this study was to establish the chemical composition, and phenolic compounds, as well as to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob grown in Tunisia. Carob pulp meal contained high levels of carbohydrates (44.18%) primarily consisting of 37.05% sucrose, 7.45% fructose, and 2.67% glucose along with appreciable amounts of protein (6.48%), fiber (3.11%), and low-fat content (1.32%). Carob pulp is considered a rich source of Ca (2646.4 mg/kg DW), Mg (504.3 mg/kg), and also incorporates minor amounts of Fe (10.1 mg/kg), and Cu (< 2.5 mg/kg). Carob pulp ethanolic extract contained a mean value of 30.84 mg GAE/g DE of total polyphenols, 1.47 mg QE/g DE of flavonoids, and 1.12 mg CE/g DE of condensed tannins. Moreover, it had an important antioxidant activity: ABTS (70.3ug/mL), DPPH (114.4ug/mL), FRAP (217.23 µmol FeSO
4
/g DE). The analysis of HPLC of ethanolic extract of carob pulp identified six organic compounds. Isorhamnetin (5.67 mg/g DE) and quercetin (3.21 mg/g DE) recorded the highest values. The antimicrobial activity was revealed on five microorganisms. Ethanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities with diameters inhibition zones ranging from 6 to 25 mm.
Graphic abstract</description><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Carob</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Chemistry/Food Science</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Fungicides</subject><subject>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Medicinal Chemistry</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Polyphenols</subject><issn>0366-6352</issn><issn>1336-9075</issn><issn>2585-7290</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMtKxDAUhoMoOI6-gKuAGwU75tKmyVKKNxhwM65DJk00Q9t0ktZx3t44Fdy5OJwL338O5wfgEqMFRqi8ixgzwTJEaApBWLY7AjNMKcsEKotjMEOUsYzRgpyCsxg3COU5KtAM7KsP0zqtGqh92_voBue7W-g6-OmG4KHq0uDL1Smnuj70iQ9-7ZJG6cElzpkIvYVapTHsx6aH15UJavCdUzC6xm1HBZeLG2iDb-Fq7Fx06hycWNVEc_Gb5-Dt8WFVPWfL16eX6n6ZaYrFkLGS2kIggggxNRe1KJhFynKqFeeYKkLWuRHcsEJjlpci51jlVpk1phpZQ-kcXE17--C3o4mD3PgxdOmkJJyRglOes0SRiUqvxRiMlX1wrQp7iZH8sVhOFstksTxYLHdJRCdRTHD3bsLf6n9U3wHegHU</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Khelouf, Imene</creator><creator>Jabri Karoui, Iness</creator><creator>Abderrabba, Manef</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6007-6250</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231001</creationdate><title>Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Tunisia</title><author>Khelouf, Imene ; Jabri Karoui, Iness ; Abderrabba, Manef</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-673f5902022ed89d956f0af83ca8813a22b4e98e65c16479481a4faeb13c0fe33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>Carob</topic><topic>Chemical composition</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Chemistry/Food Science</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Fungicides</topic><topic>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Medicinal Chemistry</topic><topic>Organic compounds</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Polyphenols</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Khelouf, Imene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jabri Karoui, Iness</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abderrabba, Manef</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Chemical papers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khelouf, Imene</au><au>Jabri Karoui, Iness</au><au>Abderrabba, Manef</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Tunisia</atitle><jtitle>Chemical papers</jtitle><stitle>Chem. Pap</stitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>77</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>6125</spage><epage>6134</epage><pages>6125-6134</pages><issn>0366-6352</issn><eissn>1336-9075</eissn><eissn>2585-7290</eissn><abstract>The main aim of this study was to establish the chemical composition, and phenolic compounds, as well as to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob grown in Tunisia. Carob pulp meal contained high levels of carbohydrates (44.18%) primarily consisting of 37.05% sucrose, 7.45% fructose, and 2.67% glucose along with appreciable amounts of protein (6.48%), fiber (3.11%), and low-fat content (1.32%). Carob pulp is considered a rich source of Ca (2646.4 mg/kg DW), Mg (504.3 mg/kg), and also incorporates minor amounts of Fe (10.1 mg/kg), and Cu (< 2.5 mg/kg). Carob pulp ethanolic extract contained a mean value of 30.84 mg GAE/g DE of total polyphenols, 1.47 mg QE/g DE of flavonoids, and 1.12 mg CE/g DE of condensed tannins. Moreover, it had an important antioxidant activity: ABTS (70.3ug/mL), DPPH (114.4ug/mL), FRAP (217.23 µmol FeSO
4
/g DE). The analysis of HPLC of ethanolic extract of carob pulp identified six organic compounds. Isorhamnetin (5.67 mg/g DE) and quercetin (3.21 mg/g DE) recorded the highest values. The antimicrobial activity was revealed on five microorganisms. Ethanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities with diameters inhibition zones ranging from 6 to 25 mm.
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| subjects | Antimicrobial agents Antioxidants Biochemistry Biotechnology Carbohydrates Carob Chemical composition Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Chemistry/Food Science Flavonoids Fungicides Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Materials Science Medicinal Chemistry Organic compounds Original Paper Phenols Polyphenols |
| title | Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Tunisia |
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