Optimization of Engine Parameters Using Taguchi Technique for a Diesel Engine Running on a Newly Developed bio-nano Diesel Emulsion

Currently, the globe is experiencing a difficult energy-related situation. Although nanotechnology has the potential to significantly advance a wide range of disciplines, there are concerns about the potential risks of its products and applications. Thus, the present research proposed a newly developed bio-nano diesel emulsion fuel for energy conservation, pollution reduction and improved diesel engine efficiency. The biodegradable carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were produced via a hydrothermal technique using waste sweet lime peel and were subsequently well characterized in terms of morphology. Water and carbon quantum dots were added to the biodiesel blends at increasing 25, 50, and 75 ppm concentrations. Using the Taguchi Technique, DOE-recommended tests have been carried out systematically. The engine load, compression ratio, engine speed, water, and CQD were considered input parameters for optimizing BP, BSFC, BTE, NOx, CO, HC, and smoke emissions of a biodiesel blend engine. The model recommended an optimal solution that fulfilled the indicated optimum input parameters of 42% engine load, 18 compression ratio, 1800 rpm engine speed, 10% water, and 75 ppm CQD using the desirability method. The optimum performance and emission characteristics (BP, BSFC, BTE, NOx, HC, CO, and smoke) are found to be 2.48 kW, 294 g/kWh, 30.36%, 317 ppm, 0.81 ppm, 0.0011%, and 5.27 HSU, respectively. The tested inaccuracy of optimum blend interactions for BP, BSFC, BTE, NOx, HC, CO, and smoke was determined to be 9.25%, 1.38%, 2.08%, 6.30%, 5.63%, 7.69%, and 0.75%, respectively, within acceptable limits.