Influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial distribution of precipitation in the area of Sofia city
The study aims to reveal spatial distribution of precipitation in the area of Sofia city during the decade 2013 - 2022 and the influence of atmospheric circulation. Statistical methods and cartographic approach are the main tools in this research. The spatial distribution of precipitation is charact...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 2023-08, Vol.49, p.17-25 |
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| creator | Nojarov, Peter Vlaskov, Vladimir Vatova, Yoana |
| description | The study aims to reveal spatial distribution of precipitation in the area of Sofia city during the decade 2013 - 2022 and the influence of atmospheric circulation. Statistical methods and cartographic approach are the main tools in this research. The spatial distribution of precipitation is characterized by low amounts (560 mm) in the northern and northeastern parts of Sofia depression and high amounts (760 mm) in the southern part. The main factor for this spatial distribution of precipitation is atmospheric circulation. The relief has a significant modifying effect and affects precipitation through several mechanisms. The most important is the location of mountain slope relative to the main direction of transport of air masses. Leeward slopes receive less precipitation and windward slopes receive more. The second mechanism of influence is anthropogenic relief (high buildings), which is a positive relief form compared to the surrounding plane having respective windward and leeward slopes. This study revealed a third mechanism of relief influence on spatial distribution of precipitation. The large difference in the height of the mountains located south of Sofia creates a significant difference in the air temperature in Sofia depression during a transport of air masses from south and southwest. This is due to the stronger foehn effect of the higher mountain (Vitosha) compared to the foehn effect of the lower mountains (Lyulin, Lozenska Planina), which creates a tongue of higher air temperature northeast of Vitosha, which reaches the southern and southwestern slopes of Stara Planina. The higher temperatures in this tongue create stronger upward air movements, which in turn increase the amount of precipitation. Secondary, but still important factors that affect the spatial distribution of precipitation in Sofia region are the urban heat island and the increased content of aerosols in the air in and over the city. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3897/jbgs.e108747 |
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Statistical methods and cartographic approach are the main tools in this research. The spatial distribution of precipitation is characterized by low amounts (560 mm) in the northern and northeastern parts of Sofia depression and high amounts (760 mm) in the southern part. The main factor for this spatial distribution of precipitation is atmospheric circulation. The relief has a significant modifying effect and affects precipitation through several mechanisms. The most important is the location of mountain slope relative to the main direction of transport of air masses. Leeward slopes receive less precipitation and windward slopes receive more. The second mechanism of influence is anthropogenic relief (high buildings), which is a positive relief form compared to the surrounding plane having respective windward and leeward slopes. This study revealed a third mechanism of relief influence on spatial distribution of precipitation. The large difference in the height of the mountains located south of Sofia creates a significant difference in the air temperature in Sofia depression during a transport of air masses from south and southwest. This is due to the stronger foehn effect of the higher mountain (Vitosha) compared to the foehn effect of the lower mountains (Lyulin, Lozenska Planina), which creates a tongue of higher air temperature northeast of Vitosha, which reaches the southern and southwestern slopes of Stara Planina. The higher temperatures in this tongue create stronger upward air movements, which in turn increase the amount of precipitation. Secondary, but still important factors that affect the spatial distribution of precipitation in Sofia region are the urban heat island and the increased content of aerosols in the air in and over the city.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2738-8107</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2738-8115</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3897/jbgs.e108747</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Sofia: Pensoft Publishers</publisher><subject>Air masses ; Air temperature ; Anthropogenic factors ; Atmospheric circulation ; Bulgaria ; Mountains ; precipitation ; relief ; Slopes ; Sofia depression ; Spatial distribution ; Statistical methods ; Urban heat islands</subject><ispartof>Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society, 2023-08, Vol.49, p.17-25</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Pensoft Publishers</rights><rights>2023. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Statistical methods and cartographic approach are the main tools in this research. The spatial distribution of precipitation is characterized by low amounts (560 mm) in the northern and northeastern parts of Sofia depression and high amounts (760 mm) in the southern part. The main factor for this spatial distribution of precipitation is atmospheric circulation. The relief has a significant modifying effect and affects precipitation through several mechanisms. The most important is the location of mountain slope relative to the main direction of transport of air masses. Leeward slopes receive less precipitation and windward slopes receive more. The second mechanism of influence is anthropogenic relief (high buildings), which is a positive relief form compared to the surrounding plane having respective windward and leeward slopes. This study revealed a third mechanism of relief influence on spatial distribution of precipitation. The large difference in the height of the mountains located south of Sofia creates a significant difference in the air temperature in Sofia depression during a transport of air masses from south and southwest. This is due to the stronger foehn effect of the higher mountain (Vitosha) compared to the foehn effect of the lower mountains (Lyulin, Lozenska Planina), which creates a tongue of higher air temperature northeast of Vitosha, which reaches the southern and southwestern slopes of Stara Planina. The higher temperatures in this tongue create stronger upward air movements, which in turn increase the amount of precipitation. Secondary, but still important factors that affect the spatial distribution of precipitation in Sofia region are the urban heat island and the increased content of aerosols in the air in and over the city.</description><subject>Air masses</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Atmospheric circulation</subject><subject>Bulgaria</subject><subject>Mountains</subject><subject>precipitation</subject><subject>relief</subject><subject>Slopes</subject><subject>Sofia depression</subject><subject>Spatial distribution</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Urban heat islands</subject><issn>2738-8107</issn><issn>2738-8115</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kU9r3DAQxU1poSHNrR_A0Gt3q7-WdAyhbRYCPTQ5i5E82mjrtVxJPuTbV1uHMAJJM29-PHhd95mSPddGfTu5Y9kjJVoJ9a67YorrnaZUvn97E_WxuynlRAhh2lAmyFX35zCHacXZY59CD_WcyvKMOfrex-zXCWpMc99Ofca-LO0LUz_GUnN06zYL_ZLRxyXWTRw3MWSEy_B3ChEarb586j4EmArevN7X3dOP749397uHXz8Pd7cPO8-0UDsQIQim1CBFGNABhGb3UsaYAYGAI1RL7rURRFLkGpVjXkqNRMiRc37dHTbumOBklxzPkF9sgmj_N1I-Wsg1-gntGEygEj2QIIRkygVknjp0Pjin_NBYXzbWktPfFUu1p7Tmudm3TMuBc8qJbqr9pjpCg8Y5pJrBtxrxHH2aMcTWv9XNoCFGi7bwdVvwOZWSMbzZpMRe4rSXOO1rnPwfmGCUAg</recordid><startdate>20230824</startdate><enddate>20230824</enddate><creator>Nojarov, Peter</creator><creator>Vlaskov, Vladimir</creator><creator>Vatova, Yoana</creator><general>Pensoft Publishers</general><general>Bulgarian Geographical Society</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4336-3063</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-2304</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230824</creationdate><title>Influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial distribution of precipitation in the area of Sofia city</title><author>Nojarov, Peter ; Vlaskov, Vladimir ; Vatova, Yoana</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2847-a4ff4277654f6ebaaf02828289996ea0ab01853c894051e38e7b2c558e045d333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Air masses</topic><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Atmospheric circulation</topic><topic>Bulgaria</topic><topic>Mountains</topic><topic>precipitation</topic><topic>relief</topic><topic>Slopes</topic><topic>Sofia depression</topic><topic>Spatial distribution</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Urban heat islands</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nojarov, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vlaskov, Vladimir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vatova, Yoana</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nojarov, Peter</au><au>Vlaskov, Vladimir</au><au>Vatova, Yoana</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial distribution of precipitation in the area of Sofia city</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society</jtitle><date>2023-08-24</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>49</volume><spage>17</spage><epage>25</epage><pages>17-25</pages><issn>2738-8107</issn><eissn>2738-8115</eissn><abstract>The study aims to reveal spatial distribution of precipitation in the area of Sofia city during the decade 2013 - 2022 and the influence of atmospheric circulation. Statistical methods and cartographic approach are the main tools in this research. The spatial distribution of precipitation is characterized by low amounts (560 mm) in the northern and northeastern parts of Sofia depression and high amounts (760 mm) in the southern part. The main factor for this spatial distribution of precipitation is atmospheric circulation. The relief has a significant modifying effect and affects precipitation through several mechanisms. The most important is the location of mountain slope relative to the main direction of transport of air masses. Leeward slopes receive less precipitation and windward slopes receive more. The second mechanism of influence is anthropogenic relief (high buildings), which is a positive relief form compared to the surrounding plane having respective windward and leeward slopes. This study revealed a third mechanism of relief influence on spatial distribution of precipitation. The large difference in the height of the mountains located south of Sofia creates a significant difference in the air temperature in Sofia depression during a transport of air masses from south and southwest. This is due to the stronger foehn effect of the higher mountain (Vitosha) compared to the foehn effect of the lower mountains (Lyulin, Lozenska Planina), which creates a tongue of higher air temperature northeast of Vitosha, which reaches the southern and southwestern slopes of Stara Planina. The higher temperatures in this tongue create stronger upward air movements, which in turn increase the amount of precipitation. 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| subjects | Air masses Air temperature Anthropogenic factors Atmospheric circulation Bulgaria Mountains precipitation relief Slopes Sofia depression Spatial distribution Statistical methods Urban heat islands |
| title | Influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial distribution of precipitation in the area of Sofia city |
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