Evaluation of the accuracy of direct georeferencing of smartphones for use in some urban planning applications within smart cities

During the last 20 years, the need for geospatial data has increased exponentially. This demand originates from a multitude of sources and takes several forms. However, the net result is a growing need for more precise and high-density data, which can be delivered more quickly and at a lower cost by equipping today’s smartphones with low-cost GPS receivers, high-resolution digital cameras, and sensors. Microelectromechanical systems (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetic compass, and barometers) uses. A Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) message comprises these sensors. Solving exterior orientation parameters (EOP) and determining unknown 3D ground coordinates is one of the challenges of photogrammetry. Nevertheless, if the EOP of the collected photos is known, this study may accomplish. In this study, multiple mathematical models were used to investigate the accuracy of the EOP of a picture recorded using a Samsung Galaxy smartphone and a 16MP HD digital camera. By taking photos from a known point, the 3D position (X, Y, and Z) and the initial EOP are calculated by MATLAB 2021. Furthermore, this paper presents a unique method for acquiring, analyzing, and assessing geographical data by employing smartphones as a portable instrument. Geomatic data gathering is crucial and frequently necessitates using accurate technology to measure geographical data. Following this demonstration, the smartphone may identify global locations and generate urban areas within the Smart City.