Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Common Bile Duct Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, or a compromised immune system have been associated with the development of primary biliary nonHodgkin lymphoma [5, 6]. According to a literature review, since Nguyen [7] reported the first case in 1982, a total of 43 cases have been reported, with the latest case reported in July 2022 [36]. [...]we aimed to compile all the reported cases worldwide to serve as a supportive study for future reports of similar cases, including our case number 44 Table 1. Based on the findings, a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed, which revealed focal irregular thickening of the walls of the distal common bile duct, with a solid lesion measuring 18 millimeters in diameter, with a neoplastic appearance, associated with peripancreatic and left retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, resulting in biliary obstruction with significant dilatation of the biliary tract in a retrograde manner (Figure 1). Endoscopic ultrasound was performed, revealing the following findings: thickening of the walls of the mid-common bile duct due to a hypo echoic, heterogeneous lesion with irregular borders, measuring 13 mm in diameter, showing exophytic growth; per biliary lymphadenopathy, round [24, 25] well-defined, hypo echoic, homogeneous, with characteristics suggestive of secondary neoplastic infiltration; and dilation of the bile duct, with a maximum diameter of 12 mm. A biopsy was performed using a 22 G acquire needle (fine needle biopsy - FNB) with two passes using a fanning technique, obtaining adequate material for histology without complications (Figure 2 & 3).