Electrodeposition of dopamine onto carbon fiber microelectrodes to enhance the detection of Cu2+ via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
The etiology of neurodegenerative diseases is poorly understood; however, studies have shown that heavy metals, such as copper, play a critical role in neurotoxicity, thus, adversely affecting the development of these diseases. Because of the limitations associated with classical metal detection too...
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description | The etiology of neurodegenerative diseases is poorly understood; however, studies have shown that heavy metals, such as copper, play a critical role in neurotoxicity, thus, adversely affecting the development of these diseases. Because of the limitations associated with classical metal detection tools to obtain accurate speciation information of ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain, analysis is primarily performed in blood, urine, or postmortem tissues, limiting the translatability of acquired knowledge to living systems. Inadequate and less accurate data obtained with such techniques provide little or no information for developing efficient therapeutics that aid in slowing down the deterioration of brain cells. In this study, we developed a biocompatible, ultra-fast, low-cost, and robust surface-modified electrode with carbon fibers by electrodepositing dopamine via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to detect Cu
2+
in modified tris buffer. We studied the surface morphology of our newly introduced sensors using high-resolution images by atomic force microscopy under different deposition conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) of our surface-modified sensor was 0.01 µM (0.64 ppb), and the sensitivity was 11.28 nA/µM. The LOD and sensitivity are fifty and two times greater, respectively, compared to those of a bare electrode. The sensor’s response is not affected by the presence of dopamine in the matrix. It also exhibited excellent stability to multiple subsequent injections and repeated measurements of Cu
2+
over a month, thus showing its strength to be developed into an accurate, fast, robust electrochemical tool to monitor ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain in real time.
Graphical abstract |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00216-022-04488-4 |
format | Article |
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2+
in modified tris buffer. We studied the surface morphology of our newly introduced sensors using high-resolution images by atomic force microscopy under different deposition conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) of our surface-modified sensor was 0.01 µM (0.64 ppb), and the sensitivity was 11.28 nA/µM. The LOD and sensitivity are fifty and two times greater, respectively, compared to those of a bare electrode. The sensor’s response is not affected by the presence of dopamine in the matrix. It also exhibited excellent stability to multiple subsequent injections and repeated measurements of Cu
2+
over a month, thus showing its strength to be developed into an accurate, fast, robust electrochemical tool to monitor ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain in real time.
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2+
in modified tris buffer. We studied the surface morphology of our newly introduced sensors using high-resolution images by atomic force microscopy under different deposition conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) of our surface-modified sensor was 0.01 µM (0.64 ppb), and the sensitivity was 11.28 nA/µM. The LOD and sensitivity are fifty and two times greater, respectively, compared to those of a bare electrode. The sensor’s response is not affected by the presence of dopamine in the matrix. It also exhibited excellent stability to multiple subsequent injections and repeated measurements of Cu
2+
over a month, thus showing its strength to be developed into an accurate, fast, robust electrochemical tool to monitor ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain in real time.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Analytical Chemistry</subject><subject>Atomic force microscopy</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon fibers</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electrodeposition</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Image resolution</subject><subject>Knowledge acquisition</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>Low concentrations</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Microelectrodes</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>Neurodegenerative diseases</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Robustness</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Speciation</subject><subject>Voltammetry</subject><subject>Young Investigators in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry 2023</subject><issn>1618-2642</issn><issn>1618-2650</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtOwzAQRSMEEqXwA6wssUQGv-I4S1SVh4TEBtaW44xpqiQOtlupS_6clBTYsZrRzL1nNDfLLim5oYQUt5EQRiUmjGEihFJYHGUzKqnCTObk-LcX7DQ7i3FNCM0VlbPsc9mCTcHXMPjYpMb3yDtU-8F0TQ_I98kja0I1zl1TQUBdY4OHH1NE4x76lektoLQCVEMaVwfMYsOu0bYxyJmYcLSmR3Zn28airW-T6TpIYXeenTjTRrg41Hn2dr98XTzi55eHp8XdM7ZMsYStzQtaGUacqUTNS8GpzIVwyhWS8QKqugawiqpCggRDFFcqz0spiCgrngs-z64m7hD8xwZi0mu_Cf14UjPFBReloMWoYpNq_DLGAE4PoelM2GlK9D5qPUWtx6j1d9R6j-aTKY7i_h3CH_of1xfTToLj</recordid><startdate>20230701</startdate><enddate>20230701</enddate><creator>Manring, Noel</creator><creator>Ahmed, Muzammil M. 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N.</au><au>Smeltz, Jessica L.</au><au>Pathirathna, Pavithra</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Electrodeposition of dopamine onto carbon fiber microelectrodes to enhance the detection of Cu2+ via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry</atitle><jtitle>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry</jtitle><stitle>Anal Bioanal Chem</stitle><date>2023-07-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>415</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>4289</spage><epage>4296</epage><pages>4289-4296</pages><issn>1618-2642</issn><eissn>1618-2650</eissn><abstract>The etiology of neurodegenerative diseases is poorly understood; however, studies have shown that heavy metals, such as copper, play a critical role in neurotoxicity, thus, adversely affecting the development of these diseases. Because of the limitations associated with classical metal detection tools to obtain accurate speciation information of ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain, analysis is primarily performed in blood, urine, or postmortem tissues, limiting the translatability of acquired knowledge to living systems. Inadequate and less accurate data obtained with such techniques provide little or no information for developing efficient therapeutics that aid in slowing down the deterioration of brain cells. In this study, we developed a biocompatible, ultra-fast, low-cost, and robust surface-modified electrode with carbon fibers by electrodepositing dopamine via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to detect Cu
2+
in modified tris buffer. We studied the surface morphology of our newly introduced sensors using high-resolution images by atomic force microscopy under different deposition conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) of our surface-modified sensor was 0.01 µM (0.64 ppb), and the sensitivity was 11.28 nA/µM. The LOD and sensitivity are fifty and two times greater, respectively, compared to those of a bare electrode. The sensor’s response is not affected by the presence of dopamine in the matrix. It also exhibited excellent stability to multiple subsequent injections and repeated measurements of Cu
2+
over a month, thus showing its strength to be developed into an accurate, fast, robust electrochemical tool to monitor ultra-low concentrations of heavy metals in the brain in real time.
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subjects | Analytical Chemistry Atomic force microscopy Biochemistry Biocompatibility Brain Carbon Carbon fibers Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Copper Dopamine Electrochemistry Electrodeposition Electrodes Food Science Heavy metals Image resolution Knowledge acquisition Laboratory Medicine Low concentrations Metal concentrations Metals Microelectrodes Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Neurodegenerative diseases Neurotoxicity Research Paper Robustness Sensitivity Speciation Voltammetry Young Investigators in (Bio-)Analytical Chemistry 2023 |
title | Electrodeposition of dopamine onto carbon fiber microelectrodes to enhance the detection of Cu2+ via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry |
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