Contribution of environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors to obesity-related metabolic syndrome

Non-communicable lifestyle diseases and related mortality are increasing rapidly over the last few decades. Obesity is one of the major concerning problems leading to obesity-related metabolic syndrome like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome etc. About 40–...

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Veröffentlicht in:Nucleus (Calcutta) 2023-08, Vol.66 (2), p.215-237
Hauptverfasser: Ghosh, Sunandini, Dhar, Shrinjana, Bhattacharjee, Sandip, Bhattacharjee, Pritha
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Non-communicable lifestyle diseases and related mortality are increasing rapidly over the last few decades. Obesity is one of the major concerning problems leading to obesity-related metabolic syndrome like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome etc. About 40–75% of obesity cases arise through genetic inheritance. The genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in the disease manifestation are controlled by the environmental factors including both physical and physiological factors. In both the prenatal and postnatal stages of the concerned individual, the epigenetic modifications are controlled by the environmental factors subsequently leading to genomic alterations and predisposition of a disease. In this review, we have assimilated the studies from last 20 years discussing the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of the predominant non-communicable diseases and the environmental factors affecting them. This review also focuses on the inter-relationship of the concerned environmental factors and their variations in a disease specific pattern. The environmental factors including diet, physical inactivity, stress, education, pollutants, addictions etc. have been found to portray significant role in the disease outcomes. The family income, exposure to heavy metal pollutants, noise pollution, endocrine disruptors and external stress inducing agents can’t be controlled by the subject. Instead, controlling the diet pattern, family health, sleeping duration, screen time, addiction of alcohol or smoking and physical activity can provide significant benefit henceforth lowering the risk of obesity, CVD, T2DM and PCOD.
ISSN:0029-568X
0976-7975
DOI:10.1007/s13237-023-00420-y