Investigation of performance and emission values of biodiesel fuels produced by adding ZnO nanoparticles as additives to waste sunflower and Köhnü grape seed oil

Biodiesel was produced by adding ZnO nanoparticles as additives to the waste sunflower and kohlrabi grape seed oil. As a result of the examination of the produced fuels, it was observed that there was a decrease in CO, HC, and smoke emissions and an increase in NOx, CO 2 , and O 2 . When these nanoparticle-doped fuel samples were compared with standard diesel fuel, improvements in emission values were obtained by adding ZnO nanoparticle additives to biodiesel fuel. These improvements were observed as a 35% reduction in CO, a 40% reduction in HC, and a 45% reduction in smoke (soot). The reason for this is that the nanoparticle additive increases the heat transfer coefficient of biodiesel fuel. Accordingly, it has a positive effect on in-cylinder temperature, pressure, ignition delay, and combustion time. It was concluded that the nanoparticle additive added to the fuel together with the observed reductions in emission rates provides a great benefit to the environment. In addition, an 11% reduction in specific fuel consumption was observed thanks to this nanoparticle additive. An improvement was observed in the emission values to the environment.