Mid-circuit operations using the omg-architecture in neutral atom arrays

We implement mid-circuit operations in a 48-site array of neutral atoms, enabled by new methods for control of the \(\textit{omg}\) (optical-metastable-ground state qubit) architecture present in \({}^{171}\)Yb. We demonstrate laser-based control of ground, metastable and optical qubits with average single-qubit fidelities of \(F_{g} = 99.968(3)\), \(F_{m} = 99.12(4)\) and \(F_{o} = 99.804(8)\). With state-sensitive shelving between the ground and metastable states, we realize a non-destructive state-detection for \(^{171}\)Yb, and reinitialize in the ground state with either global control or local feed-forward operations. We use local addressing of the optical clock transition to perform mid-circuit operations, including measurement, spin reset, and motional reset in the form of ground-state cooling. In characterizing mid-circuit measurement on ground-state qubits, we observe raw errors of \(1.8(6)\%\) on ancilla qubits and \(4.5(1.0)\%\) on data qubits, with the former (latter) uncorrected for \(1.0(2)\%\) (\(2.0(2)\%\)) preparation and measurement error; we observe similar performance for mid-circuit reset operations. The reported realization of the \(\textit{omg}\) architecture and mid-circuit operations are door-opening for many tasks in quantum information science, including quantum error-correction, entanglement generation, and metrology.