Drone-Based Thermal Imaging in the Detection of Wildlife Carcasses and Disease Management

Because animal carcasses often serve as reservoirs for pathogens, their location and removal are crucial in controlling the spread of diseases. During carcass decomposition, heat is emitted due to microbial activity and the development of maggots. Recent studies have shown that infrared sensors can...

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Veröffentlicht in:Transboundary and emerging diseases 2023-05, Vol.2023, p.1-12
Hauptverfasser: Rietz, Janine, van Beeck Calkoen, Suzanne T. S., Ferry, Nicolas, Schlüter, Jens, Wehner, Helena, Schindlatz, Karl-Heinz, Lackner, Tomáš, von Hoermann, Christian, Conraths, Franz J., Müller, Jörg, Heurich, Marco
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container_issue
container_start_page 1
container_title Transboundary and emerging diseases
container_volume 2023
creator Rietz, Janine
van Beeck Calkoen, Suzanne T. S.
Ferry, Nicolas
Schlüter, Jens
Wehner, Helena
Schindlatz, Karl-Heinz
Lackner, Tomáš
von Hoermann, Christian
Conraths, Franz J.
Müller, Jörg
Heurich, Marco
description Because animal carcasses often serve as reservoirs for pathogens, their location and removal are crucial in controlling the spread of diseases. During carcass decomposition, heat is emitted due to microbial activity and the development of maggots. Recent studies have shown that infrared sensors can be used to locate animal carcasses, but little is known about the factors influencing detection success. In this study, we investigated the potential of infrared technology to locate wild boar carcasses, as they play an important role in the spread of African swine fever. Specifically, we tested the effects of environmental and carcass conditions on the detection probability. A drone-based thermal camera was used to collect data during 379 flyovers of 42 wild boar carcasses in different stages of decomposition between September 2020 and July 2021. Generalized mixed-effect models and conditional inference trees were used to identify the environmental and carcass conditions that influenced the detection probability. Our results showed that the thermal camera accurately measured carcass temperature (R2 = 0.75, RMSE = 5.89°C). The probability of finding carcasses was higher in open habitats with air temperatures >3.0°C and thus conducive to maggot development (detection rate ≤80%). A forest canopy openness >29.3% and cloudy conditions or flights at dawn increased the detection rate. Moreover, carcasses infested with large amounts of maggots could be detected even in habitats with a more extensive canopy cover, whereas in dense forests, the detection probability was limited (6.4°C (≤62%). Our study demonstrates the utility of thermal imaging in searching for wild boar carcasses under specific environmental and carcass conditions and thus its use in supporting ground searches.
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S. ; Ferry, Nicolas ; Schlüter, Jens ; Wehner, Helena ; Schindlatz, Karl-Heinz ; Lackner, Tomáš ; von Hoermann, Christian ; Conraths, Franz J. ; Müller, Jörg ; Heurich, Marco</creator><contributor>Korennoy, Fedor ; Fedor Korennoy</contributor><creatorcontrib>Rietz, Janine ; van Beeck Calkoen, Suzanne T. S. ; Ferry, Nicolas ; Schlüter, Jens ; Wehner, Helena ; Schindlatz, Karl-Heinz ; Lackner, Tomáš ; von Hoermann, Christian ; Conraths, Franz J. ; Müller, Jörg ; Heurich, Marco ; Korennoy, Fedor ; Fedor Korennoy</creatorcontrib><description>Because animal carcasses often serve as reservoirs for pathogens, their location and removal are crucial in controlling the spread of diseases. During carcass decomposition, heat is emitted due to microbial activity and the development of maggots. Recent studies have shown that infrared sensors can be used to locate animal carcasses, but little is known about the factors influencing detection success. 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subjects African swine fever
Air temperature
Altitude
Animal diseases
Animals
Biological activity
Cameras
Canopies
Carcasses
Decomposition
Drones
Environmental effects
Forests
Heat detection
Hogs
Infectious diseases
Infrared detectors
Maggots
Medical imaging
Metabolism
Microbial activity
Microorganisms
National parks
Pathogens
Sensors
Sus scrofa
Temperature
Thermal imaging
Wildlife
Wildlife habitats
Wildlife management
title Drone-Based Thermal Imaging in the Detection of Wildlife Carcasses and Disease Management
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