The effect of ethnicity on anatomic success following macular hole surgery: a multicentre cohort study
Purpose The purpose is to assess the effect of ethnicity on surgical macular hole closure. Methods A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in five UK National Health Service Hospitals. We included all patients with known ethnicity undergoing vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peel, and gas/o...
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creator | Laviers, Heidi Papavasileiou, Evangelia Bruce, Charlotte Maubon, Laura Radia, Meera Dervenis, Nikolaos Zuckerman, Benjamin Loh, Graeme K. Theodorou, Olga Douiri, Abdel Zambarakji, Hadi Sandinha, Teresa Steel, David H. Kirthi, Varo McKechnie, Cordelia Zakir, Rahila Duguid, Graham Jackson, Timothy L. |
description | Purpose
The purpose is to assess the effect of ethnicity on surgical macular hole closure.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in five UK National Health Service Hospitals. We included all patients with known ethnicity undergoing vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peel, and gas/oil tamponade for all stages of primary full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The primary outcome was anatomic success, defined as FTMH closure with one operation. The secondary outcome was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) comparing baseline with final review.
Results
Of 334 operations, the ethnicity profile comprised 78.7% White patients, 11.7% Black patients, 8.1% Asian patients, and 1.5% in mixed/other ethnicities. Mean age was 69.7 years with 68.5% females. Overall, 280 (83.8%) had anatomic success. Anatomic failure occurred in 38.5% of Black patients versus 12.6% of White patients (relative risk: 1.788; 95% CI: 1.012 to 3.159;
P
= 0.045). Overall, baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA improved by 0.34, from 0.95 (95% CI: 0.894 to 1.008) to 0.62 (95% CI: 0.556 to 0.676). Mean BCVA improved by 0.35 in White patients, 0.37 in Black patients, 0.23 in Asian patients, and 0.38 in mixed/other ethnicity (
P
= 0.689). Greater FTMH minimum linear diameter was associated with an increased risk of anatomic failure (relative risk: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.005;
P
|
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00417-022-05950-w |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2815842297</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2815842297</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-b24d8e1faf96041dc935ee018c7b5ae5e02593f2b0e1ff698a66dc53e7bf506b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMtKBDEQRYMoOj5-wIUEXLdWkk4_3In4AsHNCO5COl2Z6aG7o0maYf7e6PjYuapFnXuLOoScMrhgAOVlAMhZmQHnGchaQrbeITOWC5mVwF93yQxKzrJK8NcDchjCChIvJNsnB6IogBd5PiN2vkSK1qKJ1FmKcTl2posb6kaqRx3d0BkaJmMwBGpd37t1Ny7ooM3Ua0-Xrse09gv0myuq6TD1sTM4Ro_UuKXzkYY4tZtjsmd1H_Dkex6Rl7vb-c1D9vR8_3hz_ZQZUcqYNTxvK2RW27pIv7WmFhIRWGXKRmqUCFzWwvIGEmSLutJF0RopsGyshKIRR-R82_vm3fuEIaqVm_yYTipeMVnlnNdloviWMt6F4NGqN98N2m8UA_WpVm3VqqRWfalV6xQ6-66emgHb38iPywSILRDSakxG_m7_U_sBR5SGpA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2815842297</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The effect of ethnicity on anatomic success following macular hole surgery: a multicentre cohort study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Laviers, Heidi ; Papavasileiou, Evangelia ; Bruce, Charlotte ; Maubon, Laura ; Radia, Meera ; Dervenis, Nikolaos ; Zuckerman, Benjamin ; Loh, Graeme K. ; Theodorou, Olga ; Douiri, Abdel ; Zambarakji, Hadi ; Sandinha, Teresa ; Steel, David H. ; Kirthi, Varo ; McKechnie, Cordelia ; Zakir, Rahila ; Duguid, Graham ; Jackson, Timothy L.</creator><creatorcontrib>Laviers, Heidi ; Papavasileiou, Evangelia ; Bruce, Charlotte ; Maubon, Laura ; Radia, Meera ; Dervenis, Nikolaos ; Zuckerman, Benjamin ; Loh, Graeme K. ; Theodorou, Olga ; Douiri, Abdel ; Zambarakji, Hadi ; Sandinha, Teresa ; Steel, David H. ; Kirthi, Varo ; McKechnie, Cordelia ; Zakir, Rahila ; Duguid, Graham ; Jackson, Timothy L.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The purpose is to assess the effect of ethnicity on surgical macular hole closure.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in five UK National Health Service Hospitals. We included all patients with known ethnicity undergoing vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peel, and gas/oil tamponade for all stages of primary full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The primary outcome was anatomic success, defined as FTMH closure with one operation. The secondary outcome was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) comparing baseline with final review.
Results
Of 334 operations, the ethnicity profile comprised 78.7% White patients, 11.7% Black patients, 8.1% Asian patients, and 1.5% in mixed/other ethnicities. Mean age was 69.7 years with 68.5% females. Overall, 280 (83.8%) had anatomic success. Anatomic failure occurred in 38.5% of Black patients versus 12.6% of White patients (relative risk: 1.788; 95% CI: 1.012 to 3.159;
P
= 0.045). Overall, baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA improved by 0.34, from 0.95 (95% CI: 0.894 to 1.008) to 0.62 (95% CI: 0.556 to 0.676). Mean BCVA improved by 0.35 in White patients, 0.37 in Black patients, 0.23 in Asian patients, and 0.38 in mixed/other ethnicity (
P
= 0.689). Greater FTMH minimum linear diameter was associated with an increased risk of anatomic failure (relative risk: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.005;
P
< 0.0001), whereas better pre-operative BCVA (
F
[1,19] = 162.90;
P
< 0.0001) and anatomic success (
F
[1,19] = 97.69;
P
< 0.0001) were associated with greater BCVA improvement. Socio-economic status did not significantly influence anatomic success or BCVA change.
Conclusions
Black ethnicity is associated with an approximately twofold greater risk of failed FTMH surgery. The reasons for this difference warrant further study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0721-832X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1435-702X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05950-w</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36602644</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Acuity ; Aged ; Cohort analysis ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Humans ; Macular Holes ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Ophthalmology ; Patients ; Retinal Disorders ; Retinal Perforations - etiology ; Retinal Perforations - surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; State Medicine ; Success ; Surgery ; Tamponade ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy - adverse effects</subject><ispartof>Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology, 2023-06, Vol.261 (6), p.1535-1543</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-b24d8e1faf96041dc935ee018c7b5ae5e02593f2b0e1ff698a66dc53e7bf506b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-b24d8e1faf96041dc935ee018c7b5ae5e02593f2b0e1ff698a66dc53e7bf506b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8864-5484</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00417-022-05950-w$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00417-022-05950-w$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36602644$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Laviers, Heidi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papavasileiou, Evangelia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruce, Charlotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maubon, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radia, Meera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dervenis, Nikolaos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuckerman, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loh, Graeme K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Theodorou, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Douiri, Abdel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zambarakji, Hadi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandinha, Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steel, David H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirthi, Varo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKechnie, Cordelia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zakir, Rahila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duguid, Graham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Timothy L.</creatorcontrib><title>The effect of ethnicity on anatomic success following macular hole surgery: a multicentre cohort study</title><title>Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol</addtitle><addtitle>Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>Purpose
The purpose is to assess the effect of ethnicity on surgical macular hole closure.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in five UK National Health Service Hospitals. We included all patients with known ethnicity undergoing vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peel, and gas/oil tamponade for all stages of primary full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The primary outcome was anatomic success, defined as FTMH closure with one operation. The secondary outcome was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) comparing baseline with final review.
Results
Of 334 operations, the ethnicity profile comprised 78.7% White patients, 11.7% Black patients, 8.1% Asian patients, and 1.5% in mixed/other ethnicities. Mean age was 69.7 years with 68.5% females. Overall, 280 (83.8%) had anatomic success. Anatomic failure occurred in 38.5% of Black patients versus 12.6% of White patients (relative risk: 1.788; 95% CI: 1.012 to 3.159;
P
= 0.045). Overall, baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA improved by 0.34, from 0.95 (95% CI: 0.894 to 1.008) to 0.62 (95% CI: 0.556 to 0.676). Mean BCVA improved by 0.35 in White patients, 0.37 in Black patients, 0.23 in Asian patients, and 0.38 in mixed/other ethnicity (
P
= 0.689). Greater FTMH minimum linear diameter was associated with an increased risk of anatomic failure (relative risk: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.005;
P
< 0.0001), whereas better pre-operative BCVA (
F
[1,19] = 162.90;
P
< 0.0001) and anatomic success (
F
[1,19] = 97.69;
P
< 0.0001) were associated with greater BCVA improvement. Socio-economic status did not significantly influence anatomic success or BCVA change.
Conclusions
Black ethnicity is associated with an approximately twofold greater risk of failed FTMH surgery. The reasons for this difference warrant further study.</description><subject>Acuity</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Macular Holes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Retinal Disorders</subject><subject>Retinal Perforations - etiology</subject><subject>Retinal Perforations - surgery</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>State Medicine</subject><subject>Success</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Tamponade</subject><subject>Tomography, Optical Coherence</subject><subject>Visual Acuity</subject><subject>Vitrectomy - adverse effects</subject><issn>0721-832X</issn><issn>1435-702X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtKBDEQRYMoOj5-wIUEXLdWkk4_3In4AsHNCO5COl2Z6aG7o0maYf7e6PjYuapFnXuLOoScMrhgAOVlAMhZmQHnGchaQrbeITOWC5mVwF93yQxKzrJK8NcDchjCChIvJNsnB6IogBd5PiN2vkSK1qKJ1FmKcTl2posb6kaqRx3d0BkaJmMwBGpd37t1Ny7ooM3Ua0-Xrse09gv0myuq6TD1sTM4Ro_UuKXzkYY4tZtjsmd1H_Dkex6Rl7vb-c1D9vR8_3hz_ZQZUcqYNTxvK2RW27pIv7WmFhIRWGXKRmqUCFzWwvIGEmSLutJF0RopsGyshKIRR-R82_vm3fuEIaqVm_yYTipeMVnlnNdloviWMt6F4NGqN98N2m8UA_WpVm3VqqRWfalV6xQ6-66emgHb38iPywSILRDSakxG_m7_U_sBR5SGpA</recordid><startdate>20230601</startdate><enddate>20230601</enddate><creator>Laviers, Heidi</creator><creator>Papavasileiou, Evangelia</creator><creator>Bruce, Charlotte</creator><creator>Maubon, Laura</creator><creator>Radia, Meera</creator><creator>Dervenis, Nikolaos</creator><creator>Zuckerman, Benjamin</creator><creator>Loh, Graeme K.</creator><creator>Theodorou, Olga</creator><creator>Douiri, Abdel</creator><creator>Zambarakji, Hadi</creator><creator>Sandinha, Teresa</creator><creator>Steel, David H.</creator><creator>Kirthi, Varo</creator><creator>McKechnie, Cordelia</creator><creator>Zakir, Rahila</creator><creator>Duguid, Graham</creator><creator>Jackson, Timothy L.</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-5484</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230601</creationdate><title>The effect of ethnicity on anatomic success following macular hole surgery: a multicentre cohort study</title><author>Laviers, Heidi ; Papavasileiou, Evangelia ; Bruce, Charlotte ; Maubon, Laura ; Radia, Meera ; Dervenis, Nikolaos ; Zuckerman, Benjamin ; Loh, Graeme K. ; Theodorou, Olga ; Douiri, Abdel ; Zambarakji, Hadi ; Sandinha, Teresa ; Steel, David H. ; Kirthi, Varo ; McKechnie, Cordelia ; Zakir, Rahila ; Duguid, Graham ; Jackson, Timothy L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-b24d8e1faf96041dc935ee018c7b5ae5e02593f2b0e1ff698a66dc53e7bf506b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Acuity</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Macular Holes</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Retinal Disorders</topic><topic>Retinal Perforations - etiology</topic><topic>Retinal Perforations - surgery</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>State Medicine</topic><topic>Success</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Tamponade</topic><topic>Tomography, Optical Coherence</topic><topic>Visual Acuity</topic><topic>Vitrectomy - adverse effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Laviers, Heidi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papavasileiou, Evangelia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruce, Charlotte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maubon, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radia, Meera</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dervenis, Nikolaos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuckerman, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loh, Graeme K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Theodorou, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Douiri, Abdel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zambarakji, Hadi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandinha, Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steel, David H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirthi, Varo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKechnie, Cordelia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zakir, Rahila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duguid, Graham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Timothy L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Laviers, Heidi</au><au>Papavasileiou, Evangelia</au><au>Bruce, Charlotte</au><au>Maubon, Laura</au><au>Radia, Meera</au><au>Dervenis, Nikolaos</au><au>Zuckerman, Benjamin</au><au>Loh, Graeme K.</au><au>Theodorou, Olga</au><au>Douiri, Abdel</au><au>Zambarakji, Hadi</au><au>Sandinha, Teresa</au><au>Steel, David H.</au><au>Kirthi, Varo</au><au>McKechnie, Cordelia</au><au>Zakir, Rahila</au><au>Duguid, Graham</au><au>Jackson, Timothy L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of ethnicity on anatomic success following macular hole surgery: a multicentre cohort study</atitle><jtitle>Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology</jtitle><stitle>Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol</stitle><addtitle>Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2023-06-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>261</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1535</spage><epage>1543</epage><pages>1535-1543</pages><issn>0721-832X</issn><eissn>1435-702X</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The purpose is to assess the effect of ethnicity on surgical macular hole closure.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in five UK National Health Service Hospitals. We included all patients with known ethnicity undergoing vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peel, and gas/oil tamponade for all stages of primary full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The primary outcome was anatomic success, defined as FTMH closure with one operation. The secondary outcome was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) comparing baseline with final review.
Results
Of 334 operations, the ethnicity profile comprised 78.7% White patients, 11.7% Black patients, 8.1% Asian patients, and 1.5% in mixed/other ethnicities. Mean age was 69.7 years with 68.5% females. Overall, 280 (83.8%) had anatomic success. Anatomic failure occurred in 38.5% of Black patients versus 12.6% of White patients (relative risk: 1.788; 95% CI: 1.012 to 3.159;
P
= 0.045). Overall, baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA improved by 0.34, from 0.95 (95% CI: 0.894 to 1.008) to 0.62 (95% CI: 0.556 to 0.676). Mean BCVA improved by 0.35 in White patients, 0.37 in Black patients, 0.23 in Asian patients, and 0.38 in mixed/other ethnicity (
P
= 0.689). Greater FTMH minimum linear diameter was associated with an increased risk of anatomic failure (relative risk: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.005;
P
< 0.0001), whereas better pre-operative BCVA (
F
[1,19] = 162.90;
P
< 0.0001) and anatomic success (
F
[1,19] = 97.69;
P
< 0.0001) were associated with greater BCVA improvement. Socio-economic status did not significantly influence anatomic success or BCVA change.
Conclusions
Black ethnicity is associated with an approximately twofold greater risk of failed FTMH surgery. The reasons for this difference warrant further study.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>36602644</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00417-022-05950-w</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-5484</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acuity Aged Cohort analysis Ethnicity Female Humans Macular Holes Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Minority & ethnic groups Ophthalmology Patients Retinal Disorders Retinal Perforations - etiology Retinal Perforations - surgery Retrospective Studies State Medicine Success Surgery Tamponade Tomography, Optical Coherence Visual Acuity Vitrectomy - adverse effects |
title | The effect of ethnicity on anatomic success following macular hole surgery: a multicentre cohort study |
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