Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry over the Twentieth Century and in Future Projections

The temperature contrast between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—the interhemispheric temperature asymmetry (ITA)—is an emerging indicator of global climate change, potentially relevant to the Hadley circulation and tropical rainfall. The authors examine the ITA in historical observations and...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of climate 2013-08, Vol.26 (15), p.5419-5433
Hauptverfasser: Friedman, Andrew R., Hwang, Yen-Ting, Chiang, John C. H., Frierson, Dargan M. W.
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container_issue 15
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creator Friedman, Andrew R.
Hwang, Yen-Ting
Chiang, John C. H.
Frierson, Dargan M. W.
description The temperature contrast between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—the interhemispheric temperature asymmetry (ITA)—is an emerging indicator of global climate change, potentially relevant to the Hadley circulation and tropical rainfall. The authors examine the ITA in historical observations and in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) simulations. The observed annual-mean ITA (north minus south) has varied within a 0.8°C range and features a significant positive trend since 1980. The CMIP multimodel ensembles simulate this trend, with a stronger and more realistic signal in CMIP5. Both ensembles project a continued increase in the ITA over the twenty-first century, well outside the twentieth-century range. The authors mainly attribute this increase to the uneven spatial impacts of greenhouse forcing, which result in amplified warming in the Arctic and northern landmasses. The CMIP5 specific-forcing simulations indicate that, before 1980, the greenhouse-forced ITA trend was primarily countered by anthropogenic aerosols. The authors also identify an abrupt decrease in the observed ITA in the late 1960s, which is generally not present in the CMIP simulations; it suggests that the observed drop was caused by internal variability. The difference in the strengths of the northern and southern Hadley cells covaries with the ITA in the CMIP5 simulations, in accordance with previous findings; the authors also find an association with the hemispheric asymmetry in tropical rainfall. These relationships imply a northward shift in tropical rainfall with increasing ITA in the twenty-first century, though this result is difficult to separate from the response to global-mean temperature change.
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H.</au><au>Frierson, Dargan M. W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry over the Twentieth Century and in Future Projections</atitle><jtitle>Journal of climate</jtitle><date>2013-08-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>5419</spage><epage>5433</epage><pages>5419-5433</pages><issn>0894-8755</issn><eissn>1520-0442</eissn><abstract>The temperature contrast between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—the interhemispheric temperature asymmetry (ITA)—is an emerging indicator of global climate change, potentially relevant to the Hadley circulation and tropical rainfall. The authors examine the ITA in historical observations and in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) simulations. The observed annual-mean ITA (north minus south) has varied within a 0.8°C range and features a significant positive trend since 1980. 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subjects 20th century
Aerosols
Anthropogenic factors
Asymmetry
Atmospheric circulation
Atmospheric models
Cerebral hemispheres
Climate change
Climate models
Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change
Datasets
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Global climate
Global climate models
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouses
Hadley cells
Hadley circulation
Hemispheres
Hemispheric laterality
Human influences
Intercomparison
Mean temperatures
Meteorology
Oceanic climates
Oceans
Precipitation
Rainfall
Simulation
Studies
Temperature
Temperature changes
Trends
Tropical circulation
Tropical rainfall
title Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry over the Twentieth Century and in Future Projections
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