Search for photons above 1019 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above 1019 eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30∘ to 60∘ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics 2023-05, Vol.2023 (5), p.021 |
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| creator | Abreu, P. Aglietta, M. Allekotte, I. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Andringa, S. Avocone, E. Badescu, A.M. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, A. Biermann, P.L. Binet, V. Blümer, J. Boncioli, D. Bonneau Arbeletche, L. Brichetto Orchera, P.G. Briechle, F.L. Büsken, M. Caracas, I. Chytka, L. Clay, R.W. Coluccia, M.R. Conceição, R. Convenga, F. de Jesús, J. de Oliveira, J. de Souza, V. Del Popolo, A. Deligny, O. di Matteo, A. Domingues Mendes, L.M. Engel, R. Erdmann, M. Farmer, J. Fick, B. Fuster, A. García, B. Giaccari, U. Glombitza, J. Gollan, F. Gómez Berisso, M. González, J.M. González, N. Hamal, P. Hansen, P. Heck, D. Hrabovský, M. Johnsen, J.A. Kääpä, A. Keilhauer, B. Klages, H.O. Kleifges, M. Kleinfeller, J. Krohm, N. Lago, B.L. Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. Letessier-Selvon, A. López, R. Lundquist, J.P. Mancarella, G. Mariani, F.M. Marsella, G. Martello, D. Martinelli, S. Mathes, H.J. Namasaka, W.M. Nitz, D. Norwood, I. Novotny, V. Nožka, L. Oliveira, C. Palatka, M. Papenbreer, P. Parente, G. Parra, A. Pawlowsky, J. Pimenta, M. Ravignani, D. Reininghaus, M. Riehn, F. Rizi, V. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Roncoroni, M.J. Sanabria Gomez, J.D. Sato, R. Schieler, H. Schimp, M. Scholten, O. Scornavacche, M. Sima, O. Sommers, P. Straub, M. Timmermans, C. Travnicek, P. Tueros, M. Varela, E. Vink, J. Vorobiov, S. Watanabe, C. Yushkov, A. Zavrtanik, M. |
| description | We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above 1019 eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30∘ to 60∘ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. Applying the search method to data collected between January 2004 and June 2020, upper limits at 95% CL are set to an E-2 diffuse flux of ultra-high energy photons above 1019 eV, 2 × 1019 eV and 4 × 1019 eV amounting to 2.11 × 10-3, 3.12 × 10-4 and 1.72 × 10-4 km-2 sr-1 yr-1, respectively. While the sensitivity of the present search around 2 × 1019 eV approaches expectations of cosmogenic photon fluxes in the case of a pure-proton composition, it is one order of magnitude above those from more realistic mixed-composition models. The inferred limits have also implications for the search of super-heavy dark matter that are discussed and illustrated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/021 |
| format | Article |
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(FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><description>We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above 1019 eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30∘ to 60∘ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. Applying the search method to data collected between January 2004 and June 2020, upper limits at 95% CL are set to an E-2 diffuse flux of ultra-high energy photons above 1019 eV, 2 × 1019 eV and 4 × 1019 eV amounting to 2.11 × 10-3, 3.12 × 10-4 and 1.72 × 10-4 km-2 sr-1 yr-1, respectively. While the sensitivity of the present search around 2 × 1019 eV approaches expectations of cosmogenic photon fluxes in the case of a pure-proton composition, it is one order of magnitude above those from more realistic mixed-composition models. The inferred limits have also implications for the search of super-heavy dark matter that are discussed and illustrated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1475-7516</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-7516</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/021</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bristol: IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS ; Augers ; Cerenkov counters ; Composition ; cosmic ray experiments ; Cosmic ray showers ; Cosmic rays ; Dark matter ; Data search ; gamma ray detectors ; Observatories ; Photons ; Search methods ; Surface detectors ; ultra high energy cosmic rays ; ultra high energy photons and neutrinos</subject><ispartof>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics, 2023-05, Vol.2023 (5), p.021</ispartof><rights>2023 The Author(s)</rights><rights>2023 The Author(s). This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/021/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27903,27904,53824,53871</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1890448$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abreu, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aglietta, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allekotte, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarez-Muñiz, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andringa, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avocone, 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(FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Search for photons above 1019 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory</title><title>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics</title><addtitle>J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys</addtitle><description>We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above 1019 eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30∘ to 60∘ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. Applying the search method to data collected between January 2004 and June 2020, upper limits at 95% CL are set to an E-2 diffuse flux of ultra-high energy photons above 1019 eV, 2 × 1019 eV and 4 × 1019 eV amounting to 2.11 × 10-3, 3.12 × 10-4 and 1.72 × 10-4 km-2 sr-1 yr-1, respectively. While the sensitivity of the present search around 2 × 1019 eV approaches expectations of cosmogenic photon fluxes in the case of a pure-proton composition, it is one order of magnitude above those from more realistic mixed-composition models. The inferred limits have also implications for the search of super-heavy dark matter that are discussed and illustrated.</description><subject>ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS</subject><subject>Augers</subject><subject>Cerenkov counters</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>cosmic ray experiments</subject><subject>Cosmic ray showers</subject><subject>Cosmic rays</subject><subject>Dark matter</subject><subject>Data search</subject><subject>gamma ray detectors</subject><subject>Observatories</subject><subject>Photons</subject><subject>Search methods</subject><subject>Surface detectors</subject><subject>ultra high energy cosmic rays</subject><subject>ultra high energy photons and 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(IOP)</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230501</creationdate><title>Search for photons above 1019 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory</title><author>Abreu, P. ; Aglietta, M. ; Allekotte, I. ; Alvarez-Muñiz, J. ; Andringa, S. ; Avocone, E. ; Badescu, A.M. ; Bakalova, A. ; Balaceanu, A. ; Biermann, P.L. ; Binet, V. ; Blümer, J. ; Boncioli, D. ; Bonneau Arbeletche, L. ; Brichetto Orchera, P.G. ; Briechle, F.L. ; Büsken, M. ; Caracas, I. ; Chytka, L. ; Clay, R.W. ; Coluccia, M.R. ; Conceição, R. ; Convenga, F. ; de Jesús, J. ; de Oliveira, J. ; de Souza, V. ; Del Popolo, A. ; Deligny, O. ; di Matteo, A. ; Domingues Mendes, L.M. ; Engel, R. ; Erdmann, M. ; Farmer, J. ; Fick, B. ; Fuster, A. ; García, B. ; Giaccari, U. ; Glombitza, J. ; Gollan, F. ; Gómez Berisso, M. ; González, J.M. ; González, N. ; Hamal, P. ; Hansen, P. ; Heck, D. ; Hrabovský, M. ; Johnsen, J.A. ; Kääpä, A. ; Keilhauer, B. ; Klages, H.O. ; Kleifges, M. ; Kleinfeller, J. ; Krohm, N. ; Lago, B.L. ; Leigui de Oliveira, M.A. ; Letessier-Selvon, A. ; López, R. ; Lundquist, J.P. ; Mancarella, G. ; Mariani, F.M. ; Marsella, G. ; Martello, D. ; Martinelli, S. ; Mathes, H.J. ; Namasaka, W.M. ; Nitz, D. ; Norwood, I. ; Novotny, V. ; Nožka, L. ; Oliveira, C. ; Palatka, M. ; Papenbreer, P. ; Parente, G. ; Parra, A. ; Pawlowsky, J. ; Pimenta, M. ; Ravignani, D. ; Reininghaus, M. ; Riehn, F. ; Rizi, V. ; Rodriguez Rojo, J. ; Roncoroni, M.J. ; Sanabria Gomez, J.D. ; Sato, R. ; Schieler, H. ; Schimp, M. ; Scholten, O. ; Scornavacche, M. ; Sima, O. ; Sommers, P. ; Straub, M. ; Timmermans, C. ; Travnicek, P. ; Tueros, M. ; Varela, E. ; Vink, J. ; Vorobiov, S. ; Watanabe, C. ; Yushkov, A. ; Zavrtanik, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i262t-af4f149c8e5b2571f58ef3d86a3c5b2670e4d28111ebf4f4968fb2bc0cb3f4e33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS</topic><topic>Augers</topic><topic>Cerenkov counters</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>cosmic ray experiments</topic><topic>Cosmic ray showers</topic><topic>Cosmic rays</topic><topic>Dark matter</topic><topic>Data search</topic><topic>gamma ray detectors</topic><topic>Observatories</topic><topic>Photons</topic><topic>Search methods</topic><topic>Surface detectors</topic><topic>ultra high energy cosmic rays</topic><topic>ultra high energy photons and neutrinos</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abreu, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aglietta, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allekotte, 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J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Oliveira, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Souza, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Del Popolo, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deligny, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>di Matteo, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domingues Mendes, L.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engel, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erdmann, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farmer, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fick, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fuster, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>García, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giaccari, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glombitza, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gollan, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez Berisso, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González, J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>González, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hamal, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hansen, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heck, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hrabovský, 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I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Novotny, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nožka, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palatka, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papenbreer, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parente, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parra, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pawlowsky, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pimenta, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ravignani, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reininghaus, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riehn, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rizi, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez Rojo, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roncoroni, M.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanabria Gomez, J.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schieler, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schimp, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholten, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scornavacche, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sima, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sommers, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Straub, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timmermans, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Travnicek, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tueros, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varela, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vink, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vorobiov, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yushkov, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zavrtanik, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>IOP Publishing Free Content</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abreu, P.</au><au>Aglietta, M.</au><au>Allekotte, I.</au><au>Alvarez-Muñiz, J.</au><au>Andringa, S.</au><au>Avocone, E.</au><au>Badescu, A.M.</au><au>Bakalova, A.</au><au>Balaceanu, A.</au><au>Biermann, P.L.</au><au>Binet, V.</au><au>Blümer, J.</au><au>Boncioli, D.</au><au>Bonneau Arbeletche, L.</au><au>Brichetto Orchera, P.G.</au><au>Briechle, F.L.</au><au>Büsken, M.</au><au>Caracas, I.</au><au>Chytka, L.</au><au>Clay, R.W.</au><au>Coluccia, M.R.</au><au>Conceição, R.</au><au>Convenga, F.</au><au>de Jesús, J.</au><au>de Oliveira, J.</au><au>de Souza, V.</au><au>Del Popolo, A.</au><au>Deligny, O.</au><au>di Matteo, A.</au><au>Domingues Mendes, L.M.</au><au>Engel, R.</au><au>Erdmann, M.</au><au>Farmer, J.</au><au>Fick, B.</au><au>Fuster, A.</au><au>García, B.</au><au>Giaccari, U.</au><au>Glombitza, J.</au><au>Gollan, F.</au><au>Gómez Berisso, M.</au><au>González, J.M.</au><au>González, N.</au><au>Hamal, P.</au><au>Hansen, P.</au><au>Heck, D.</au><au>Hrabovský, M.</au><au>Johnsen, J.A.</au><au>Kääpä, A.</au><au>Keilhauer, B.</au><au>Klages, H.O.</au><au>Kleifges, M.</au><au>Kleinfeller, J.</au><au>Krohm, N.</au><au>Lago, B.L.</au><au>Leigui de Oliveira, M.A.</au><au>Letessier-Selvon, A.</au><au>López, R.</au><au>Lundquist, J.P.</au><au>Mancarella, G.</au><au>Mariani, F.M.</au><au>Marsella, G.</au><au>Martello, D.</au><au>Martinelli, S.</au><au>Mathes, H.J.</au><au>Namasaka, W.M.</au><au>Nitz, D.</au><au>Norwood, I.</au><au>Novotny, V.</au><au>Nožka, L.</au><au>Oliveira, C.</au><au>Palatka, M.</au><au>Papenbreer, P.</au><au>Parente, G.</au><au>Parra, A.</au><au>Pawlowsky, J.</au><au>Pimenta, M.</au><au>Ravignani, D.</au><au>Reininghaus, M.</au><au>Riehn, F.</au><au>Rizi, V.</au><au>Rodriguez Rojo, J.</au><au>Roncoroni, M.J.</au><au>Sanabria Gomez, J.D.</au><au>Sato, R.</au><au>Schieler, H.</au><au>Schimp, M.</au><au>Scholten, O.</au><au>Scornavacche, M.</au><au>Sima, O.</au><au>Sommers, P.</au><au>Straub, M.</au><au>Timmermans, C.</au><au>Travnicek, P.</au><au>Tueros, M.</au><au>Varela, E.</au><au>Vink, J.</au><au>Vorobiov, S.</au><au>Watanabe, C.</au><au>Yushkov, A.</au><au>Zavrtanik, M.</au><aucorp>Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Search for photons above 1019 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory</atitle><jtitle>Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics</jtitle><addtitle>J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys</addtitle><date>2023-05-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>2023</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>021</spage><pages>021-</pages><issn>1475-7516</issn><eissn>1475-7516</eissn><abstract>We use the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to search for air showers initiated by photons with an energy above 1019 eV. Photons in the zenith angle range from 30∘ to 60∘ can be identified in the overwhelming background of showers initiated by charged cosmic rays through the broader time structure of the signals induced in the water-Cherenkov detectors of the array and the steeper lateral distribution of shower particles reaching ground. Applying the search method to data collected between January 2004 and June 2020, upper limits at 95% CL are set to an E-2 diffuse flux of ultra-high energy photons above 1019 eV, 2 × 1019 eV and 4 × 1019 eV amounting to 2.11 × 10-3, 3.12 × 10-4 and 1.72 × 10-4 km-2 sr-1 yr-1, respectively. While the sensitivity of the present search around 2 × 1019 eV approaches expectations of cosmogenic photon fluxes in the case of a pure-proton composition, it is one order of magnitude above those from more realistic mixed-composition models. The inferred limits have also implications for the search of super-heavy dark matter that are discussed and illustrated.</abstract><cop>Bristol</cop><pub>IOP Publishing</pub><doi>10.1088/1475-7516/2023/05/021</doi><tpages>25</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1475-7516 |
| ispartof | Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics, 2023-05, Vol.2023 (5), p.021 |
| issn | 1475-7516 1475-7516 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2811687375 |
| source | IOP Publishing Journals; Institute of Physics (IOP) Journals - HEAL-Link |
| subjects | ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS Augers Cerenkov counters Composition cosmic ray experiments Cosmic ray showers Cosmic rays Dark matter Data search gamma ray detectors Observatories Photons Search methods Surface detectors ultra high energy cosmic rays ultra high energy photons and neutrinos |
| title | Search for photons above 1019 eV with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory |
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