Extension of Linear Operating Range for Linear Variable Differential Transformer Using Its Inverse Transfer Characteristic
An analog circuit technique to realize an inverse transfer characteristic of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is presented in this paper. Practically, the structure of the LVDT causes a narrow linear operating range compared with its full stroke range. However, a large linear operat...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Sensors and materials 2023-01, Vol.35 (4), p.1397 |
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creator | Petchmaneelumka, Wandee Songsuwankit, Kanoknuch Rerkratn, Apinai Gullayanon, Rutchanee Riewruja, Vanchai |
description | An analog circuit technique to realize an inverse transfer characteristic of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is presented in this paper. Practically, the structure of the LVDT causes a narrow linear operating range compared with its full stroke range. However, a large linear operating range requires a huge structure for the LVDT, making it unsuitable for a small or compact measurement system. The proposed technique can be used in a commercial LVDT to extend the linear operating range to its full stroke range. The technique utilizes an inherent behavior of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) to emulate the LVDT transfer characteristic. The LVDT transfer characteristic generated by the OTA is used as a feedback path of the inverting amplifier formed by an operational amplifier (opamp) to realize the inverse transfer characteristic. The residual error due to the OTA behavior is very small and can be neglected without adversely affecting the performance of the proposed technique. All devices used in the proposed scheme are commercially available. The attractive features of the proposed technique are its simple configuration, small size, low cost, and high accuracy. The performance of the proposed technique is discussed in detail and confirmed by its experimental implementation. Measurement results demonstrate that the linear operating range of the commercial LVDT used in this study can be extended by a factor of more than 2.4, and a full-scale percentage error of about 0.068% was obtained. |
doi_str_mv | 10.18494/SAM4153 |
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Practically, the structure of the LVDT causes a narrow linear operating range compared with its full stroke range. However, a large linear operating range requires a huge structure for the LVDT, making it unsuitable for a small or compact measurement system. The proposed technique can be used in a commercial LVDT to extend the linear operating range to its full stroke range. The technique utilizes an inherent behavior of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) to emulate the LVDT transfer characteristic. The LVDT transfer characteristic generated by the OTA is used as a feedback path of the inverting amplifier formed by an operational amplifier (opamp) to realize the inverse transfer characteristic. The residual error due to the OTA behavior is very small and can be neglected without adversely affecting the performance of the proposed technique. All devices used in the proposed scheme are commercially available. The attractive features of the proposed technique are its simple configuration, small size, low cost, and high accuracy. The performance of the proposed technique is discussed in detail and confirmed by its experimental implementation. Measurement results demonstrate that the linear operating range of the commercial LVDT used in this study can be extended by a factor of more than 2.4, and a full-scale percentage error of about 0.068% was obtained.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0914-4935</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2435-0869</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.18494/SAM4153</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Tokyo: MYU Scientific Publishing Division</publisher><subject>Analog circuits ; Operational amplifiers ; Transconductance ; Transformers</subject><ispartof>Sensors and materials, 2023-01, Vol.35 (4), p.1397</ispartof><rights>Copyright MYU Scientific Publishing Division 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,865,27929,27930</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Petchmaneelumka, Wandee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Songsuwankit, Kanoknuch</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rerkratn, Apinai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gullayanon, Rutchanee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riewruja, Vanchai</creatorcontrib><title>Extension of Linear Operating Range for Linear Variable Differential Transformer Using Its Inverse Transfer Characteristic</title><title>Sensors and materials</title><description>An analog circuit technique to realize an inverse transfer characteristic of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is presented in this paper. Practically, the structure of the LVDT causes a narrow linear operating range compared with its full stroke range. However, a large linear operating range requires a huge structure for the LVDT, making it unsuitable for a small or compact measurement system. The proposed technique can be used in a commercial LVDT to extend the linear operating range to its full stroke range. The technique utilizes an inherent behavior of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) to emulate the LVDT transfer characteristic. The LVDT transfer characteristic generated by the OTA is used as a feedback path of the inverting amplifier formed by an operational amplifier (opamp) to realize the inverse transfer characteristic. The residual error due to the OTA behavior is very small and can be neglected without adversely affecting the performance of the proposed technique. All devices used in the proposed scheme are commercially available. The attractive features of the proposed technique are its simple configuration, small size, low cost, and high accuracy. The performance of the proposed technique is discussed in detail and confirmed by its experimental implementation. Measurement results demonstrate that the linear operating range of the commercial LVDT used in this study can be extended by a factor of more than 2.4, and a full-scale percentage error of about 0.068% was obtained.</description><subject>Analog circuits</subject><subject>Operational amplifiers</subject><subject>Transconductance</subject><subject>Transformers</subject><issn>0914-4935</issn><issn>2435-0869</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo1kMFKAzEQhoMoWGrBRwh48bKabLK72WOpVQuVgrZel9l0UlPabJ1sRX16V1thYA7f98_Az9ilFDfS6FLfvgyftMzUCeulWmWJMHl5ynqilDrRpcrO2SDGtRBCmkzkad5j3-PPFkP0TeCN41MfEIjPdkjQ-rDizxBWyF1D_-gVyEO9QX7nnUPC0HrY8DlBiJ21ReKL-BuctJFPwgdSxCPt0OgNCGyL5GPr7QU7c7CJODjuPlvcj-ejx2Q6e5iMhtPEKpm3Sba0eW0gBQPWYCahLKxEo43NymLpjFZ57dBJJZUu0sJ242pVQ2HrHM3SqD67OtzdUfO-x9hW62ZPoXtZpUYUUiiRlp11fbAsNTESumpHfgv0VUlR_ZVbHctVP_5Sbbg</recordid><startdate>20230101</startdate><enddate>20230101</enddate><creator>Petchmaneelumka, Wandee</creator><creator>Songsuwankit, Kanoknuch</creator><creator>Rerkratn, Apinai</creator><creator>Gullayanon, Rutchanee</creator><creator>Riewruja, Vanchai</creator><general>MYU Scientific Publishing Division</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230101</creationdate><title>Extension of Linear Operating Range for Linear Variable Differential Transformer Using Its Inverse Transfer Characteristic</title><author>Petchmaneelumka, Wandee ; Songsuwankit, Kanoknuch ; Rerkratn, Apinai ; Gullayanon, Rutchanee ; Riewruja, Vanchai</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-5dc6b8a2a8ac8e51a97c1e848c597df8436bfef13134727c27cfb3ba7cb6e8d83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Analog circuits</topic><topic>Operational amplifiers</topic><topic>Transconductance</topic><topic>Transformers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Petchmaneelumka, Wandee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Songsuwankit, Kanoknuch</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rerkratn, Apinai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gullayanon, Rutchanee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riewruja, Vanchai</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Sensors and materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Petchmaneelumka, Wandee</au><au>Songsuwankit, Kanoknuch</au><au>Rerkratn, Apinai</au><au>Gullayanon, Rutchanee</au><au>Riewruja, Vanchai</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Extension of Linear Operating Range for Linear Variable Differential Transformer Using Its Inverse Transfer Characteristic</atitle><jtitle>Sensors and materials</jtitle><date>2023-01-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1397</spage><pages>1397-</pages><issn>0914-4935</issn><eissn>2435-0869</eissn><abstract>An analog circuit technique to realize an inverse transfer characteristic of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is presented in this paper. Practically, the structure of the LVDT causes a narrow linear operating range compared with its full stroke range. However, a large linear operating range requires a huge structure for the LVDT, making it unsuitable for a small or compact measurement system. The proposed technique can be used in a commercial LVDT to extend the linear operating range to its full stroke range. The technique utilizes an inherent behavior of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) to emulate the LVDT transfer characteristic. The LVDT transfer characteristic generated by the OTA is used as a feedback path of the inverting amplifier formed by an operational amplifier (opamp) to realize the inverse transfer characteristic. The residual error due to the OTA behavior is very small and can be neglected without adversely affecting the performance of the proposed technique. All devices used in the proposed scheme are commercially available. The attractive features of the proposed technique are its simple configuration, small size, low cost, and high accuracy. The performance of the proposed technique is discussed in detail and confirmed by its experimental implementation. Measurement results demonstrate that the linear operating range of the commercial LVDT used in this study can be extended by a factor of more than 2.4, and a full-scale percentage error of about 0.068% was obtained.</abstract><cop>Tokyo</cop><pub>MYU Scientific Publishing Division</pub><doi>10.18494/SAM4153</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Analog circuits Operational amplifiers Transconductance Transformers |
title | Extension of Linear Operating Range for Linear Variable Differential Transformer Using Its Inverse Transfer Characteristic |
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