Thermodynamic Contribution to Vortex Alignment and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020)
As a part of the Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Project (TCRI), observations were made of the rapid intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) as it passed over the Gulf of Mexico. High-altitude dropsondes and radar observations from NOAA’s Gulfstream IV, radar observations from WP-3D aircraf...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Monthly weather review 2023-04, Vol.151 (4), p.931-951 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 951 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 931 |
| container_title | Monthly weather review |
| container_volume | 151 |
| creator | Stone, Željka Alvey, G. R. Dunion, J. P. Fischer, M. S. Raymond, D. J. Rogers, R. F. Sentić, S. Zawislak, J. |
| description | As a part of the Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Project (TCRI), observations were made of the rapid intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) as it passed over the Gulf of Mexico. High-altitude dropsondes and radar observations from NOAA’s Gulfstream IV, radar observations from WP-3D aircraft, the WSR-88D ground radar network, satellite images, and satellite-detected lightning strikes are used to apply recently developed theoretical knowledge about tropical cyclone intensification. As observed in many other tropical cyclones, strong, bottom-heavy vertical mass flux profiles are correlated with low (but positive) values of low- to midlevel moist convective instability along with high column relative humidity. Such mass flux profiles produce rapid spinup at low levels and the environmental conditions giving rise to them are associated with an intense midlevel vortex. This low-level spinup underneath the midlevel vortex results in the vertical alignment of the vortex column, which is a key step in the rapid intensification process. In the case of Sally, the spinup of the low-level vortex resulted from vorticity stretching, while the spinup of the midlevel vortex at 6 km resulted from vorticity tilting produced by the interaction of convective ascent with moderate vertical shear. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/MWR-D-22-0201.1 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2807030607</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2807030607</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c264t-c18a0f67c02a572330a6562870de02ebd3ace1d5cef8aafbbcbcd2a28f6b53ca3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNotkMFLwzAUxoMoOKdnrwEveuj28tKm9Tg2dYOJMKceQ5om2tElM03B_fd2ztPjgx_f9_gRcs1gxFiejZ8_VsksQUwAgY3YCRmwDCGB9J6fkgEA5gmIND0nF227AQAhUhyQcv1lwtZXe6e2taZT72Koyy7W3tHo6bsP0fzQSVN_uq1xkSpX0ZXa1RVduGhcW9taqz_aWzrvQuijM_RVNc2e3mL_y90lObOqac3V_x2St8eH9XSeLF-eFtPJMtEo0phoViiwIteAKsuRc1AiE1jkUBlAU1ZcacOqTBtbKGXLUpe6QoWFFWXGteJDcnPs3QX_3Zk2yo3vgusnJRaQAwcBeU-Nj5QOvm2DsXIX6q0Ke8lAHkTKXqScSUR5ECkZ_wUE62cs</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2807030607</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Thermodynamic Contribution to Vortex Alignment and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020)</title><source>American Meteorological Society</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Stone, Željka ; Alvey, G. R. ; Dunion, J. P. ; Fischer, M. S. ; Raymond, D. J. ; Rogers, R. F. ; Sentić, S. ; Zawislak, J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Stone, Željka ; Alvey, G. R. ; Dunion, J. P. ; Fischer, M. S. ; Raymond, D. J. ; Rogers, R. F. ; Sentić, S. ; Zawislak, J.</creatorcontrib><description>As a part of the Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Project (TCRI), observations were made of the rapid intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) as it passed over the Gulf of Mexico. High-altitude dropsondes and radar observations from NOAA’s Gulfstream IV, radar observations from WP-3D aircraft, the WSR-88D ground radar network, satellite images, and satellite-detected lightning strikes are used to apply recently developed theoretical knowledge about tropical cyclone intensification. As observed in many other tropical cyclones, strong, bottom-heavy vertical mass flux profiles are correlated with low (but positive) values of low- to midlevel moist convective instability along with high column relative humidity. Such mass flux profiles produce rapid spinup at low levels and the environmental conditions giving rise to them are associated with an intense midlevel vortex. This low-level spinup underneath the midlevel vortex results in the vertical alignment of the vortex column, which is a key step in the rapid intensification process. In the case of Sally, the spinup of the low-level vortex resulted from vorticity stretching, while the spinup of the midlevel vortex at 6 km resulted from vorticity tilting produced by the interaction of convective ascent with moderate vertical shear.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-0644</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0493</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-22-0201.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Aircraft ; Alignment ; Altitude ; Amplification ; Convective instability ; Cyclones ; Dropsondes ; Dynamic stability ; Entropy ; Environmental conditions ; Equilibrium ; Fluctuations ; High altitude ; High-altitude environments ; Humidity ; Hurricanes ; Hypotheses ; Lightning ; Lightning strikes ; Mass ; Mass flux ; Precipitation ; Radar ; Radar data ; Radar imaging ; Radar networks ; Relative humidity ; Satellite data ; Satellite imagery ; Satellites ; Saturation ; Simulation ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Time series ; Tropical cyclones ; Variables ; Vertical shear ; Vortices ; Vorticity ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Monthly weather review, 2023-04, Vol.151 (4), p.931-951</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0001-5890-4211</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3668,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stone, Željka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvey, G. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunion, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, M. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raymond, D. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, R. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sentić, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zawislak, J.</creatorcontrib><title>Thermodynamic Contribution to Vortex Alignment and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020)</title><title>Monthly weather review</title><description>As a part of the Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Project (TCRI), observations were made of the rapid intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) as it passed over the Gulf of Mexico. High-altitude dropsondes and radar observations from NOAA’s Gulfstream IV, radar observations from WP-3D aircraft, the WSR-88D ground radar network, satellite images, and satellite-detected lightning strikes are used to apply recently developed theoretical knowledge about tropical cyclone intensification. As observed in many other tropical cyclones, strong, bottom-heavy vertical mass flux profiles are correlated with low (but positive) values of low- to midlevel moist convective instability along with high column relative humidity. Such mass flux profiles produce rapid spinup at low levels and the environmental conditions giving rise to them are associated with an intense midlevel vortex. This low-level spinup underneath the midlevel vortex results in the vertical alignment of the vortex column, which is a key step in the rapid intensification process. In the case of Sally, the spinup of the low-level vortex resulted from vorticity stretching, while the spinup of the midlevel vortex at 6 km resulted from vorticity tilting produced by the interaction of convective ascent with moderate vertical shear.</description><subject>Aircraft</subject><subject>Alignment</subject><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Amplification</subject><subject>Convective instability</subject><subject>Cyclones</subject><subject>Dropsondes</subject><subject>Dynamic stability</subject><subject>Entropy</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Equilibrium</subject><subject>Fluctuations</subject><subject>High altitude</subject><subject>High-altitude environments</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Hurricanes</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>Lightning strikes</subject><subject>Mass</subject><subject>Mass flux</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Radar data</subject><subject>Radar imaging</subject><subject>Radar networks</subject><subject>Relative humidity</subject><subject>Satellite data</subject><subject>Satellite imagery</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Saturation</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Thermodynamics</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Tropical cyclones</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Vertical shear</subject><subject>Vortices</subject><subject>Vorticity</subject><subject>Wind</subject><issn>0027-0644</issn><issn>1520-0493</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNotkMFLwzAUxoMoOKdnrwEveuj28tKm9Tg2dYOJMKceQ5om2tElM03B_fd2ztPjgx_f9_gRcs1gxFiejZ8_VsksQUwAgY3YCRmwDCGB9J6fkgEA5gmIND0nF227AQAhUhyQcv1lwtZXe6e2taZT72Koyy7W3tHo6bsP0fzQSVN_uq1xkSpX0ZXa1RVduGhcW9taqz_aWzrvQuijM_RVNc2e3mL_y90lObOqac3V_x2St8eH9XSeLF-eFtPJMtEo0phoViiwIteAKsuRc1AiE1jkUBlAU1ZcacOqTBtbKGXLUpe6QoWFFWXGteJDcnPs3QX_3Zk2yo3vgusnJRaQAwcBeU-Nj5QOvm2DsXIX6q0Ke8lAHkTKXqScSUR5ECkZ_wUE62cs</recordid><startdate>202304</startdate><enddate>202304</enddate><creator>Stone, Željka</creator><creator>Alvey, G. R.</creator><creator>Dunion, J. P.</creator><creator>Fischer, M. S.</creator><creator>Raymond, D. J.</creator><creator>Rogers, R. F.</creator><creator>Sentić, S.</creator><creator>Zawislak, J.</creator><general>American Meteorological Society</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5890-4211</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202304</creationdate><title>Thermodynamic Contribution to Vortex Alignment and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020)</title><author>Stone, Željka ; Alvey, G. R. ; Dunion, J. P. ; Fischer, M. S. ; Raymond, D. J. ; Rogers, R. F. ; Sentić, S. ; Zawislak, J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c264t-c18a0f67c02a572330a6562870de02ebd3ace1d5cef8aafbbcbcd2a28f6b53ca3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aircraft</topic><topic>Alignment</topic><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>Amplification</topic><topic>Convective instability</topic><topic>Cyclones</topic><topic>Dropsondes</topic><topic>Dynamic stability</topic><topic>Entropy</topic><topic>Environmental conditions</topic><topic>Equilibrium</topic><topic>Fluctuations</topic><topic>High altitude</topic><topic>High-altitude environments</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Hurricanes</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Lightning</topic><topic>Lightning strikes</topic><topic>Mass</topic><topic>Mass flux</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Radar</topic><topic>Radar data</topic><topic>Radar imaging</topic><topic>Radar networks</topic><topic>Relative humidity</topic><topic>Satellite data</topic><topic>Satellite imagery</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>Saturation</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Thermodynamics</topic><topic>Time series</topic><topic>Tropical cyclones</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Vertical shear</topic><topic>Vortices</topic><topic>Vorticity</topic><topic>Wind</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Stone, Željka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvey, G. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunion, J. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, M. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raymond, D. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, R. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sentić, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zawislak, J.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Monthly weather review</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Stone, Željka</au><au>Alvey, G. R.</au><au>Dunion, J. P.</au><au>Fischer, M. S.</au><au>Raymond, D. J.</au><au>Rogers, R. F.</au><au>Sentić, S.</au><au>Zawislak, J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thermodynamic Contribution to Vortex Alignment and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020)</atitle><jtitle>Monthly weather review</jtitle><date>2023-04</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>151</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>931</spage><epage>951</epage><pages>931-951</pages><issn>0027-0644</issn><eissn>1520-0493</eissn><abstract>As a part of the Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification Project (TCRI), observations were made of the rapid intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) as it passed over the Gulf of Mexico. High-altitude dropsondes and radar observations from NOAA’s Gulfstream IV, radar observations from WP-3D aircraft, the WSR-88D ground radar network, satellite images, and satellite-detected lightning strikes are used to apply recently developed theoretical knowledge about tropical cyclone intensification. As observed in many other tropical cyclones, strong, bottom-heavy vertical mass flux profiles are correlated with low (but positive) values of low- to midlevel moist convective instability along with high column relative humidity. Such mass flux profiles produce rapid spinup at low levels and the environmental conditions giving rise to them are associated with an intense midlevel vortex. This low-level spinup underneath the midlevel vortex results in the vertical alignment of the vortex column, which is a key step in the rapid intensification process. In the case of Sally, the spinup of the low-level vortex resulted from vorticity stretching, while the spinup of the midlevel vortex at 6 km resulted from vorticity tilting produced by the interaction of convective ascent with moderate vertical shear.</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/MWR-D-22-0201.1</doi><tpages>21</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5890-4211</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0027-0644 |
| ispartof | Monthly weather review, 2023-04, Vol.151 (4), p.931-951 |
| issn | 0027-0644 1520-0493 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2807030607 |
| source | American Meteorological Society; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Aircraft Alignment Altitude Amplification Convective instability Cyclones Dropsondes Dynamic stability Entropy Environmental conditions Equilibrium Fluctuations High altitude High-altitude environments Humidity Hurricanes Hypotheses Lightning Lightning strikes Mass Mass flux Precipitation Radar Radar data Radar imaging Radar networks Relative humidity Satellite data Satellite imagery Satellites Saturation Simulation Temperature Thermodynamics Time series Tropical cyclones Variables Vertical shear Vortices Vorticity Wind |
| title | Thermodynamic Contribution to Vortex Alignment and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Sally (2020) |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T22%3A55%3A43IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thermodynamic%20Contribution%20to%20Vortex%20Alignment%20and%20Rapid%20Intensification%20of%20Hurricane%20Sally%20(2020)&rft.jtitle=Monthly%20weather%20review&rft.au=Stone,%20%C5%BDeljka&rft.date=2023-04&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=931&rft.epage=951&rft.pages=931-951&rft.issn=0027-0644&rft.eissn=1520-0493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175/MWR-D-22-0201.1&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2807030607%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2807030607&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |