Applied Chemical Ecology of the Western Pine Beetle, an Important Pest of Ponderosa Pine in Western North America
Western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) is a major cause of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) mortality in western North America. Twenty-first century epidemics are among the largest in history and have affected hundreds of thousands of hectares. We synthesize literatur...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Forests 2023-04, Vol.14 (4), p.757 |
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creator | Fettig, Christopher J. Audley, Jackson P. Homicz, Crystal S. Progar, Robert A. |
description | Western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) is a major cause of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) mortality in western North America. Twenty-first century epidemics are among the largest in history and have affected hundreds of thousands of hectares. We synthesize literature on the chemical ecology of western pine beetle and on efforts to exploit our understanding of the western pine beetle-ponderosa pine system to reduce host tree losses. This literature dates back to the early 20th century and focuses on populations in California and Oregon, U.S., where western pine beetle exerts its largest impacts. Research in the 1960s–1970s yielded an effective semiochemical attractant (exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene) that helped inform understanding of the biology, ecology, and management of this species. Later, research focused on isolation and identification of semiochemical repellents. To date, Verbenone Plus (acetophenone, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol + (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and verbenone) is the only semiochemical repellent demonstrated effective for protecting ponderosa pines from mortality attributed to western pine beetle in multiple studies in Canada and the U.S. |
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To date, Verbenone Plus (acetophenone, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol + (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and verbenone) is the only semiochemical repellent demonstrated effective for protecting ponderosa pines from mortality attributed to western pine beetle in multiple studies in Canada and the U.S.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/f14040757</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acetophenone ; Beetles ; Chemical ecology ; Chemical synthesis ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Diseases and pests ; Ecology ; Environmental aspects ; Epidemics ; Forests ; Mortality ; Myrcene ; Pheromones ; Pine ; Pine trees ; Pinus ponderosa ; Ponderosa pine ; Repellents ; Trees ; Verbenone</subject><ispartof>Forests, 2023-04, Vol.14 (4), p.757</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Laws.) mortality in western North America. Twenty-first century epidemics are among the largest in history and have affected hundreds of thousands of hectares. We synthesize literature on the chemical ecology of western pine beetle and on efforts to exploit our understanding of the western pine beetle-ponderosa pine system to reduce host tree losses. This literature dates back to the early 20th century and focuses on populations in California and Oregon, U.S., where western pine beetle exerts its largest impacts. Research in the 1960s–1970s yielded an effective semiochemical attractant (exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene) that helped inform understanding of the biology, ecology, and management of this species. Later, research focused on isolation and identification of semiochemical repellents. 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subjects | Acetophenone Beetles Chemical ecology Chemical synthesis Dendroctonus brevicomis Diseases and pests Ecology Environmental aspects Epidemics Forests Mortality Myrcene Pheromones Pine Pine trees Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine Repellents Trees Verbenone |
title | Applied Chemical Ecology of the Western Pine Beetle, an Important Pest of Ponderosa Pine in Western North America |
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