The effect of environmental conditions on the quality of urban classification

The main objective of this research is to study the emergence of a false urban class in an uninhabited area as a result of the closeness of the spectral response between the dry soil class and the urban class and to study the effect of the presence of wet soil due to rainfall in increasing the ability to reduce the emergence of the false urban class. The study area is chosen to be a specific area located within Mahmudiyah city, south of the capital, Baghdad, Iraq, where the study covers the period from 1986 to 2021 with a five-year interval between every two successive scenes. The Landsat satellites scenes are used in this research, the ENVI and Quantum GIS programs are used to analyze the data. The spring season, which represents the end of the rainy season, was chosen to study the region to obtain the best conditions to reduce and curb the class of false urban to include the period from February 22 to March 25 to achieve the best separation ratio between the urban and soil classes. The classes that make up the land cover were diagnosed through field visits to the study area, which included all the existing classes. The maximum probability classifier was used to classify the land cover of study the area, the false urban class appeared during the years of study, and it was found that the proportion of the false urban class is in inverse relation with the environmental factors, especially its relationship to the amount of rain.