Unlocking the Hidden Capacity of the Electrical Grid Through Smart Transformer and Smart Transmission

Power systems are experiencing a rapid and dramatic transformation driven by the massive integration of nondispatchable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, and highly variable loads, such as electric vehicles and air conditioning. This challenges existing grid assets, eventually leadin...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the IEEE 2023-04, Vol.111 (4), p.421-437
Hauptverfasser: Liserre, Marco, Perez, Marcelo A., Langwasser, Marius, Rojas, Christian A., Zhou, Ziqi
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext bestellen
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 437
container_issue 4
container_start_page 421
container_title Proceedings of the IEEE
container_volume 111
creator Liserre, Marco
Perez, Marcelo A.
Langwasser, Marius
Rojas, Christian A.
Zhou, Ziqi
description Power systems are experiencing a rapid and dramatic transformation driven by the massive integration of nondispatchable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, and highly variable loads, such as electric vehicles and air conditioning. This challenges existing grid assets, eventually leading to updating them, which, in turn, increases significantly the costs of sustainable technologies. Power electronics is a pivotal technology for electrical power processing for renewable energies and sustainable transportation. By means of "smart" functionalities, power electronics converters already embedded in such applications can also contribute to guaranteeing the overall system's stable operation. Anyway, this cooperative contribution from distributed devices may be not enough leading to the need for the voltage transformation and power transmission of "system-level" power electronics solutions. In the case of large charging stations, a smart transformer (ST), while, in the case of large solar and wind parks, integration medium- or high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmissions are system-level solutions. This article wants to review the potential of using such infrastructures to increase the capacity of existing grid assets, avoiding or deferring their upgrade and, hence, reducing the overall costs of renewables integration and the electrification of the transport sector. In fact, the power converters embedded in ST and HVdc can provide fast frequency and voltage response, and precise control of power flow acting at the system level much more effectively and feasibly for system operators as the distributed power converters embedded in several small sources and users. This article reviews, for the first time, these two key power electronics "system-level" solutions together-ST and HVdc-starting from their basic functionalities and showings how they can go beyond them, showing how, with grid-forming functionalities, they can offer new "smart grid" tools to enhance the capability of the existing electric grid infrastructures.
doi_str_mv 10.1109/JPROC.2022.3157162
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_RIE</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2795803093</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>9738734</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>2795803093</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-5a491a410e5b143fc84c88931d181eb88d855c6a2e45c2413435ba4ac5ad5abc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpNkMtOwzAURC0EEqXwA7CxxDrF14_EXqKotCCkImjXkeM4rUsaFztd9O9JH0KsrjSamTs6CN0DGQEQ9fT28TnLR5RQOmIgMkjpBRqAEDKhVKSXaEAIyERRUNfoJsY1IYSJlA2QXbSNN9-uXeJuZfHUVZVtca632rhuj319lMeNNV1wRjd4ElyF56vgd8sV_tro0OF50G2sfdjYgHVb_Vc3Lkbn21t0Vesm2rvzHaLFy3ieT5P32eQ1f35PDGOqS4TmCjQHYkUJnNVGciOlYlCBBFtKWUkhTKqp5cJQDowzUWqujdCV0KVhQ_R46t0G_7OzsSvWfhfa_mVBMyUkYUSx3kVPLhN8jMHWxTa4fvO-AFIccBZHnMUBZ3HG2YceTiFnrf0LqIzJrJ_xCyX7cYQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2795803093</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Unlocking the Hidden Capacity of the Electrical Grid Through Smart Transformer and Smart Transmission</title><source>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</source><creator>Liserre, Marco ; Perez, Marcelo A. ; Langwasser, Marius ; Rojas, Christian A. ; Zhou, Ziqi</creator><creatorcontrib>Liserre, Marco ; Perez, Marcelo A. ; Langwasser, Marius ; Rojas, Christian A. ; Zhou, Ziqi</creatorcontrib><description>Power systems are experiencing a rapid and dramatic transformation driven by the massive integration of nondispatchable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, and highly variable loads, such as electric vehicles and air conditioning. This challenges existing grid assets, eventually leading to updating them, which, in turn, increases significantly the costs of sustainable technologies. Power electronics is a pivotal technology for electrical power processing for renewable energies and sustainable transportation. By means of "smart" functionalities, power electronics converters already embedded in such applications can also contribute to guaranteeing the overall system's stable operation. Anyway, this cooperative contribution from distributed devices may be not enough leading to the need for the voltage transformation and power transmission of "system-level" power electronics solutions. In the case of large charging stations, a smart transformer (ST), while, in the case of large solar and wind parks, integration medium- or high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmissions are system-level solutions. This article wants to review the potential of using such infrastructures to increase the capacity of existing grid assets, avoiding or deferring their upgrade and, hence, reducing the overall costs of renewables integration and the electrification of the transport sector. In fact, the power converters embedded in ST and HVdc can provide fast frequency and voltage response, and precise control of power flow acting at the system level much more effectively and feasibly for system operators as the distributed power converters embedded in several small sources and users. This article reviews, for the first time, these two key power electronics "system-level" solutions together-ST and HVdc-starting from their basic functionalities and showings how they can go beyond them, showing how, with grid-forming functionalities, they can offer new "smart grid" tools to enhance the capability of the existing electric grid infrastructures.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9219</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2256</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2022.3157162</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IEEPAD</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Air conditioning ; Direct current ; Electric power grids ; Electric power systems ; Electric power transmission ; Electric vehicles ; Electrical grid stability ; Electronics ; Frequency control ; Frequency conversion ; high-voltage dc transmission ; Power converters ; Power electronics ; Power flow ; power system regulation; smart transformers (STs) ; Power system stability ; Renewable energy sources ; Smart grid ; Synchronization ; Transformers ; Transportation industry ; Voltage control</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the IEEE, 2023-04, Vol.111 (4), p.421-437</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-5a491a410e5b143fc84c88931d181eb88d855c6a2e45c2413435ba4ac5ad5abc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-5a491a410e5b143fc84c88931d181eb88d855c6a2e45c2413435ba4ac5ad5abc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4166-448X ; 0000-0002-2071-1665 ; 0000-0002-0818-2684 ; 0000-0001-9909-7516</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9738734$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9738734$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liserre, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perez, Marcelo A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Langwasser, Marius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Christian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Ziqi</creatorcontrib><title>Unlocking the Hidden Capacity of the Electrical Grid Through Smart Transformer and Smart Transmission</title><title>Proceedings of the IEEE</title><addtitle>JPROC</addtitle><description>Power systems are experiencing a rapid and dramatic transformation driven by the massive integration of nondispatchable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, and highly variable loads, such as electric vehicles and air conditioning. This challenges existing grid assets, eventually leading to updating them, which, in turn, increases significantly the costs of sustainable technologies. Power electronics is a pivotal technology for electrical power processing for renewable energies and sustainable transportation. By means of "smart" functionalities, power electronics converters already embedded in such applications can also contribute to guaranteeing the overall system's stable operation. Anyway, this cooperative contribution from distributed devices may be not enough leading to the need for the voltage transformation and power transmission of "system-level" power electronics solutions. In the case of large charging stations, a smart transformer (ST), while, in the case of large solar and wind parks, integration medium- or high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmissions are system-level solutions. This article wants to review the potential of using such infrastructures to increase the capacity of existing grid assets, avoiding or deferring their upgrade and, hence, reducing the overall costs of renewables integration and the electrification of the transport sector. In fact, the power converters embedded in ST and HVdc can provide fast frequency and voltage response, and precise control of power flow acting at the system level much more effectively and feasibly for system operators as the distributed power converters embedded in several small sources and users. This article reviews, for the first time, these two key power electronics "system-level" solutions together-ST and HVdc-starting from their basic functionalities and showings how they can go beyond them, showing how, with grid-forming functionalities, they can offer new "smart grid" tools to enhance the capability of the existing electric grid infrastructures.</description><subject>Air conditioning</subject><subject>Direct current</subject><subject>Electric power grids</subject><subject>Electric power systems</subject><subject>Electric power transmission</subject><subject>Electric vehicles</subject><subject>Electrical grid stability</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Frequency control</subject><subject>Frequency conversion</subject><subject>high-voltage dc transmission</subject><subject>Power converters</subject><subject>Power electronics</subject><subject>Power flow</subject><subject>power system regulation; smart transformers (STs)</subject><subject>Power system stability</subject><subject>Renewable energy sources</subject><subject>Smart grid</subject><subject>Synchronization</subject><subject>Transformers</subject><subject>Transportation industry</subject><subject>Voltage control</subject><issn>0018-9219</issn><issn>1558-2256</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkMtOwzAURC0EEqXwA7CxxDrF14_EXqKotCCkImjXkeM4rUsaFztd9O9JH0KsrjSamTs6CN0DGQEQ9fT28TnLR5RQOmIgMkjpBRqAEDKhVKSXaEAIyERRUNfoJsY1IYSJlA2QXbSNN9-uXeJuZfHUVZVtca632rhuj319lMeNNV1wRjd4ElyF56vgd8sV_tro0OF50G2sfdjYgHVb_Vc3Lkbn21t0Vesm2rvzHaLFy3ieT5P32eQ1f35PDGOqS4TmCjQHYkUJnNVGciOlYlCBBFtKWUkhTKqp5cJQDowzUWqujdCV0KVhQ_R46t0G_7OzsSvWfhfa_mVBMyUkYUSx3kVPLhN8jMHWxTa4fvO-AFIccBZHnMUBZ3HG2YceTiFnrf0LqIzJrJ_xCyX7cYQ</recordid><startdate>20230401</startdate><enddate>20230401</enddate><creator>Liserre, Marco</creator><creator>Perez, Marcelo A.</creator><creator>Langwasser, Marius</creator><creator>Rojas, Christian A.</creator><creator>Zhou, Ziqi</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-448X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-1665</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2684</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-7516</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230401</creationdate><title>Unlocking the Hidden Capacity of the Electrical Grid Through Smart Transformer and Smart Transmission</title><author>Liserre, Marco ; Perez, Marcelo A. ; Langwasser, Marius ; Rojas, Christian A. ; Zhou, Ziqi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-5a491a410e5b143fc84c88931d181eb88d855c6a2e45c2413435ba4ac5ad5abc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Air conditioning</topic><topic>Direct current</topic><topic>Electric power grids</topic><topic>Electric power systems</topic><topic>Electric power transmission</topic><topic>Electric vehicles</topic><topic>Electrical grid stability</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>Frequency control</topic><topic>Frequency conversion</topic><topic>high-voltage dc transmission</topic><topic>Power converters</topic><topic>Power electronics</topic><topic>Power flow</topic><topic>power system regulation; smart transformers (STs)</topic><topic>Power system stability</topic><topic>Renewable energy sources</topic><topic>Smart grid</topic><topic>Synchronization</topic><topic>Transformers</topic><topic>Transportation industry</topic><topic>Voltage control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liserre, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perez, Marcelo A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Langwasser, Marius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Christian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Ziqi</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics &amp; Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the IEEE</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liserre, Marco</au><au>Perez, Marcelo A.</au><au>Langwasser, Marius</au><au>Rojas, Christian A.</au><au>Zhou, Ziqi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Unlocking the Hidden Capacity of the Electrical Grid Through Smart Transformer and Smart Transmission</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the IEEE</jtitle><stitle>JPROC</stitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>111</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>421</spage><epage>437</epage><pages>421-437</pages><issn>0018-9219</issn><eissn>1558-2256</eissn><coden>IEEPAD</coden><abstract>Power systems are experiencing a rapid and dramatic transformation driven by the massive integration of nondispatchable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, and highly variable loads, such as electric vehicles and air conditioning. This challenges existing grid assets, eventually leading to updating them, which, in turn, increases significantly the costs of sustainable technologies. Power electronics is a pivotal technology for electrical power processing for renewable energies and sustainable transportation. By means of "smart" functionalities, power electronics converters already embedded in such applications can also contribute to guaranteeing the overall system's stable operation. Anyway, this cooperative contribution from distributed devices may be not enough leading to the need for the voltage transformation and power transmission of "system-level" power electronics solutions. In the case of large charging stations, a smart transformer (ST), while, in the case of large solar and wind parks, integration medium- or high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmissions are system-level solutions. This article wants to review the potential of using such infrastructures to increase the capacity of existing grid assets, avoiding or deferring their upgrade and, hence, reducing the overall costs of renewables integration and the electrification of the transport sector. In fact, the power converters embedded in ST and HVdc can provide fast frequency and voltage response, and precise control of power flow acting at the system level much more effectively and feasibly for system operators as the distributed power converters embedded in several small sources and users. This article reviews, for the first time, these two key power electronics "system-level" solutions together-ST and HVdc-starting from their basic functionalities and showings how they can go beyond them, showing how, with grid-forming functionalities, they can offer new "smart grid" tools to enhance the capability of the existing electric grid infrastructures.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JPROC.2022.3157162</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-448X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-1665</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-2684</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-7516</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext_linktorsrc
identifier ISSN: 0018-9219
ispartof Proceedings of the IEEE, 2023-04, Vol.111 (4), p.421-437
issn 0018-9219
1558-2256
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_2795803093
source IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
subjects Air conditioning
Direct current
Electric power grids
Electric power systems
Electric power transmission
Electric vehicles
Electrical grid stability
Electronics
Frequency control
Frequency conversion
high-voltage dc transmission
Power converters
Power electronics
Power flow
power system regulation
smart transformers (STs)
Power system stability
Renewable energy sources
Smart grid
Synchronization
Transformers
Transportation industry
Voltage control
title Unlocking the Hidden Capacity of the Electrical Grid Through Smart Transformer and Smart Transmission
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T06%3A04%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unlocking%20the%20Hidden%20Capacity%20of%20the%20Electrical%20Grid%20Through%20Smart%20Transformer%20and%20Smart%20Transmission&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%20of%20the%20IEEE&rft.au=Liserre,%20Marco&rft.date=2023-04-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=421&rft.epage=437&rft.pages=421-437&rft.issn=0018-9219&rft.eissn=1558-2256&rft.coden=IEEPAD&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/JPROC.2022.3157162&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E2795803093%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2795803093&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=9738734&rfr_iscdi=true