The influence of temperature on Pacific hake co‐occurrence with euphausiids in the California Current Ecosystem

Understanding the influence of ocean conditions on predator–prey relationships can provide insight for ecosystem‐based fisheries management. Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) are abundant and commercially important groundfish in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) that consume euphausiids (kril...

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Veröffentlicht in:Fisheries oceanography 2023-05, Vol.32 (3), p.267-279
Hauptverfasser: Phillips, Elizabeth M., Malick, Michael J., Gauthier, Stéphane, Haltuch, Melissa A., Hunsicker, Mary E., Parker‐Stetter, Sandra L., Thomas, Rebecca E.
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container_end_page 279
container_issue 3
container_start_page 267
container_title Fisheries oceanography
container_volume 32
creator Phillips, Elizabeth M.
Malick, Michael J.
Gauthier, Stéphane
Haltuch, Melissa A.
Hunsicker, Mary E.
Parker‐Stetter, Sandra L.
Thomas, Rebecca E.
description Understanding the influence of ocean conditions on predator–prey relationships can provide insight for ecosystem‐based fisheries management. Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) are abundant and commercially important groundfish in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) that consume euphausiids (krill) as a major prey item. We used data from the biennial joint U.S.‐Canada Integrated Ecosystem & Acoustic Trawl Survey for Pacific hake (2007–2019, n = 8 surveys) to quantify co‐occurrence of age 2+ hake with krill in relation to bottom depth, continental shelf break location, surface chlorophyll‐a, and 100‐m temperature. Vertical distributions of hake varied among years and were not correlated to krill depth. Hake hotspots occurred primarily off the Oregon coast and near Cape Mendocino, while most krill hotspots occurred in the northern CCE. The probability of co‐occurrence was greatest during cool ocean conditions (100‐m temperature 1°C below average), averaging 41.0% and extending throughout most of the CCE. During warm ocean conditions (100‐m temperature 1°C above average), predicted co‐occurrence averaged 17.0% and was concentrated near Cape Mendocino. These results indicate that hake‐krill co‐occurrence is a function of predator and prey spatial distributions and overall krill abundance. Furthermore, temperature influences hake‐krill co‐occurrence and may explain some of the variation in hake growth and recruitment to the fishery.
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subjects Acoustic surveying
acoustic trawl survey
Benthos collecting devices
Capes (landforms)
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a
climate change
Continental shelves
Ecosystems
Euphausia pacifica
Euphausiacea
Fisheries
Fisheries management
Fishery management
Hake
Hot spots
Krill
Marine crustaceans
Marine ecosystems
Marine fishes
Merluccius productus
Predator-prey interactions
Predators
Prey
Probability theory
Shelf edge
Spatial distribution
Surveys
Thysanoessa spinifera
title The influence of temperature on Pacific hake co‐occurrence with euphausiids in the California Current Ecosystem
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