Real-Time Location System (RTLS) Based on the Bluetooth Technology for Internal Logistics

The problem of object localization in indoor environments is very important in order to make a company effective and to detect disruption in the logistics system in real-time. Present research investigates how the IoT (Internet of Things) location system based on Bluetooth can be implemented for thi...

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Veröffentlicht in:Sustainability 2023-03, Vol.15 (6), p.4976
Hauptverfasser: Lorenc, Augustyn, Szarata, Jakub, Czuba, Michał
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description The problem of object localization in indoor environments is very important in order to make a company effective and to detect disruption in the logistics system in real-time. Present research investigates how the IoT (Internet of Things) location system based on Bluetooth can be implemented for this solution. The location based on the Bluetooth is hard to predict. Radio wave interference in this frequency is affected by other devices, steel, vessels containing water, and more. However, proper data processing and signal stabilization can increase the accuracy of the location. To be sure that the location system based on the BT (Bluetooth) can be implemented for real cases, an analysis of signal strength amplitude and disruption was made. The paper presents R&D (Research and Development) works with a practical test in real cases. The signal strength fluctuation for the receiver is between 7 and 10 dBm for ESP32 device and between 13 and 14 dBm for Raspberry. For commercial implementation the number of devices scanned in the time window is also important. For Raspberry, the optimal time window is 5 s; in this time six transmitters can be detected. ESP32 has a problem with detecting devices in a short time, as just two transmitters can be detected in 4–8 s time window. Localisation precision depends on the distance between transmitter and receiver, and the angle from the axis of the directional antenna. For the distance of 10 m the measurement error is 1.2–6.1 m, whilst for the distance of 40 m the measurement error is 4.9 to 24.6 m. Using a Kalman filter can reduce the localization error to 1.5 m.
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source Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
subjects Accuracy
Algorithms
Automation
Bluetooth
Bluetooth technology
Clinics
Data processing
Directional antennas
Disruption
Error analysis
Global positioning systems
GPS
Indoor environments
Infrastructure
Internet of Things
Kalman filtering
Kalman filters
Localization
Logistics
Productivity
R&D
Radio frequency identification
Radio waves
Real time
Receivers & amplifiers
Research & development
Research methodology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signal processing
Signal stabilization
Signal strength
Transmitters
title Real-Time Location System (RTLS) Based on the Bluetooth Technology for Internal Logistics
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