Quantification of heavy metals and mercury-resistant bacteria in artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites, Maniema region, Democratic Republic of the Congo
The eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo host large auriferous deposits that attracted artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. In this study, soil and sediment samples from the Ulindi River in Maniema region, where Hg is used for ASGM activities, were analyzed for...
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| creator | Atibu, Emmanuel K. Kamika, Ilunga Mudogo, Celestin N. Lusamba, Séraphin N. Mulaji, Crispin K. Carvalho, Fernando Poté, John |
| description | The eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo host large auriferous deposits that attracted artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. In this study, soil and sediment samples from the Ulindi River in Maniema region, where Hg is used for ASGM activities, were analyzed for heavy metals contamination and Hg-resistance bacteria. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry showed high As concentrations in soil and sediment samples, ranging from 7.63 to 55.43 mg kg
−1
. Except for As and Cr in soil samples, the concentrations of other metals (Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) were very low. The Hg concentrations determined with an advanced mercury analyzer, showed values ranging from 0.07 to 9.32 mg kg
−1
. Hg-resistant bacteria in soil and sediment samples were counted using bacterial cultures, and the Hg-resistant strains were characterized through PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning, and sequencing. The densities of heterotrophic bacteria populations in soil and sediments ranged from 2.88 to 33.36 CFU 10
6
g
−1
and from 0.10 to 14.26 CFU 10
6
g
−1
, respectively. The isolated bacterial strains from different sites were capable to grow in medium containing up to 68.1 and 136.1 μg mL
−1
of Hg
2+
in soil and sediment samples, respectively. Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of bacterial strains from diverse groups which developed resistance to Hg:
Bacillus sp.
,
Bacillus cereus, Lysinibacillus fusiformis
,
Paenibacillus alvei
,
Paenibacillus sp.
,
Arthrobacter sp.
,
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Aeromonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis.
The isolated strains of Hg-resistant bacteria will be the subject of further research to evaluate their potential in bioremediation of Hg-contaminated soil/sediments.
Highlights
Heavy Metal concentrations were assessed in soil/sediment samples collected along Ulindi River.
ICP-MS and AAS indicated high concentrations of Cr, As and Hg.
Hg-resistant bacteria in soil/sediment samples were assessed using PCR amplification, 16S rDNA, RFLP, cloning and sequencing. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s41742-023-00524-y |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2790963335</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A745591005</galeid><sourcerecordid>A745591005</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-6be14435458da681972cccabc7c5388b55bbb05f3e62fb132294e400d9a177eb3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc2KFTEQhRtR8DLOC7gKuJ2M-e2f5XDVURgRRdehklvdk6E7uSZpoV_GZzUzLbgzWaQI56s6xWma15xdc8a6t1nxTgnKhKSMaaHo9qw5CMZ6KiRTz5sD76Smbd_ql81lzg-sHjkMrWoPze-vK4TiR--g-BhIHMk9wq-NLFhgzgTCqZbJrWmjCbPPpcqJBVcweSA-EEjFZwgwP2nzAvNMs4MZyRTnCvvgw0SyL5ivyGcIHhcgCac67Yq8wyW6VEc78g3Pq51rUS2UeyTHGKb4qnkxVht4-fe9aH58eP_9-JHefbn9dLy5o072baGtRa6U1Er3J2h7PnTCOQfWdU7LvrdaW2uZHiW2YrRcCjEoVIydBuBdh1ZeNG_2vucUf66Yi3mIa6pLZSO6gQ2tlFJX1fWumup6xocxlgSu3hMu3sWAo6__N53SeqjJPAJiB1yKOScczTn5BdJmODOP2Zk9O1OzM0_Zma1CcodyFYcJ0z8v_6H-ALKDntY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2790963335</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Quantification of heavy metals and mercury-resistant bacteria in artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites, Maniema region, Democratic Republic of the Congo</title><source>Bioline International</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Atibu, Emmanuel K. ; Kamika, Ilunga ; Mudogo, Celestin N. ; Lusamba, Séraphin N. ; Mulaji, Crispin K. ; Carvalho, Fernando ; Poté, John</creator><creatorcontrib>Atibu, Emmanuel K. ; Kamika, Ilunga ; Mudogo, Celestin N. ; Lusamba, Séraphin N. ; Mulaji, Crispin K. ; Carvalho, Fernando ; Poté, John</creatorcontrib><description>The eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo host large auriferous deposits that attracted artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. In this study, soil and sediment samples from the Ulindi River in Maniema region, where Hg is used for ASGM activities, were analyzed for heavy metals contamination and Hg-resistance bacteria. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry showed high As concentrations in soil and sediment samples, ranging from 7.63 to 55.43 mg kg
−1
. Except for As and Cr in soil samples, the concentrations of other metals (Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) were very low. The Hg concentrations determined with an advanced mercury analyzer, showed values ranging from 0.07 to 9.32 mg kg
−1
. Hg-resistant bacteria in soil and sediment samples were counted using bacterial cultures, and the Hg-resistant strains were characterized through PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning, and sequencing. The densities of heterotrophic bacteria populations in soil and sediments ranged from 2.88 to 33.36 CFU 10
6
g
−1
and from 0.10 to 14.26 CFU 10
6
g
−1
, respectively. The isolated bacterial strains from different sites were capable to grow in medium containing up to 68.1 and 136.1 μg mL
−1
of Hg
2+
in soil and sediment samples, respectively. Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of bacterial strains from diverse groups which developed resistance to Hg:
Bacillus sp.
,
Bacillus cereus, Lysinibacillus fusiformis
,
Paenibacillus alvei
,
Paenibacillus sp.
,
Arthrobacter sp.
,
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Aeromonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis.
The isolated strains of Hg-resistant bacteria will be the subject of further research to evaluate their potential in bioremediation of Hg-contaminated soil/sediments.
Highlights
Heavy Metal concentrations were assessed in soil/sediment samples collected along Ulindi River.
ICP-MS and AAS indicated high concentrations of Cr, As and Hg.
Hg-resistant bacteria in soil/sediment samples were assessed using PCR amplification, 16S rDNA, RFLP, cloning and sequencing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1735-6865</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2008-2304</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s41742-023-00524-y</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Acinetobacter ; Amplification ; Arthrobacter ; Bacteria ; Bioremediation ; Cadmium ; Chromium ; Cloning ; Contamination ; Copper ; Drug resistance in microorganisms ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Environmental Management ; Fluvial sediments ; Geoecology/Natural Processes ; Gold ; Gold industry ; Gold mines & mining ; Heavy metals ; Heterotrophic bacteria ; Isotopes ; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning ; Lead ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Mercury ; Mercury (metal) ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Natural Hazards ; Polymorphism ; Pseudomonas ; Research Paper ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Rivers ; rRNA 16S ; Sediment pollution ; Sediment samplers ; Sediments ; Sediments (Geology) ; Soil bacteria ; Soil contamination ; Soil microbiology ; Soil microorganisms ; Soil pollution ; Soil resistance ; Soils ; Strains (organisms) ; Titanium ; Water analysis ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>International Journal of Environmental Research, 2023-04, Vol.17 (2), Article 34</ispartof><rights>University of Tehran 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-6be14435458da681972cccabc7c5388b55bbb05f3e62fb132294e400d9a177eb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-6be14435458da681972cccabc7c5388b55bbb05f3e62fb132294e400d9a177eb3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6639-6138 ; 0000-0001-7874-5908</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41742-023-00524-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s41742-023-00524-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27907,27908,41471,42540,51302</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Atibu, Emmanuel K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamika, Ilunga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mudogo, Celestin N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lusamba, Séraphin N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulaji, Crispin K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poté, John</creatorcontrib><title>Quantification of heavy metals and mercury-resistant bacteria in artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites, Maniema region, Democratic Republic of the Congo</title><title>International Journal of Environmental Research</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res</addtitle><description>The eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo host large auriferous deposits that attracted artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. In this study, soil and sediment samples from the Ulindi River in Maniema region, where Hg is used for ASGM activities, were analyzed for heavy metals contamination and Hg-resistance bacteria. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry showed high As concentrations in soil and sediment samples, ranging from 7.63 to 55.43 mg kg
−1
. Except for As and Cr in soil samples, the concentrations of other metals (Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) were very low. The Hg concentrations determined with an advanced mercury analyzer, showed values ranging from 0.07 to 9.32 mg kg
−1
. Hg-resistant bacteria in soil and sediment samples were counted using bacterial cultures, and the Hg-resistant strains were characterized through PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning, and sequencing. The densities of heterotrophic bacteria populations in soil and sediments ranged from 2.88 to 33.36 CFU 10
6
g
−1
and from 0.10 to 14.26 CFU 10
6
g
−1
, respectively. The isolated bacterial strains from different sites were capable to grow in medium containing up to 68.1 and 136.1 μg mL
−1
of Hg
2+
in soil and sediment samples, respectively. Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of bacterial strains from diverse groups which developed resistance to Hg:
Bacillus sp.
,
Bacillus cereus, Lysinibacillus fusiformis
,
Paenibacillus alvei
,
Paenibacillus sp.
,
Arthrobacter sp.
,
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Aeromonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis.
The isolated strains of Hg-resistant bacteria will be the subject of further research to evaluate their potential in bioremediation of Hg-contaminated soil/sediments.
Highlights
Heavy Metal concentrations were assessed in soil/sediment samples collected along Ulindi River.
ICP-MS and AAS indicated high concentrations of Cr, As and Hg.
Hg-resistant bacteria in soil/sediment samples were assessed using PCR amplification, 16S rDNA, RFLP, cloning and sequencing.</description><subject>Acinetobacter</subject><subject>Amplification</subject><subject>Arthrobacter</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bioremediation</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Drug resistance in microorganisms</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Fluvial sediments</subject><subject>Geoecology/Natural Processes</subject><subject>Gold</subject><subject>Gold industry</subject><subject>Gold mines & mining</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Heterotrophic bacteria</subject><subject>Isotopes</subject><subject>Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury (metal)</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Natural Hazards</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Pseudomonas</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Restriction fragment length polymorphism</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>rRNA 16S</subject><subject>Sediment pollution</subject><subject>Sediment samplers</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Sediments (Geology)</subject><subject>Soil bacteria</subject><subject>Soil contamination</subject><subject>Soil microbiology</subject><subject>Soil microorganisms</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Soil resistance</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Strains (organisms)</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>1735-6865</issn><issn>2008-2304</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc2KFTEQhRtR8DLOC7gKuJ2M-e2f5XDVURgRRdehklvdk6E7uSZpoV_GZzUzLbgzWaQI56s6xWma15xdc8a6t1nxTgnKhKSMaaHo9qw5CMZ6KiRTz5sD76Smbd_ql81lzg-sHjkMrWoPze-vK4TiR--g-BhIHMk9wq-NLFhgzgTCqZbJrWmjCbPPpcqJBVcweSA-EEjFZwgwP2nzAvNMs4MZyRTnCvvgw0SyL5ivyGcIHhcgCac67Yq8wyW6VEc78g3Pq51rUS2UeyTHGKb4qnkxVht4-fe9aH58eP_9-JHefbn9dLy5o072baGtRa6U1Er3J2h7PnTCOQfWdU7LvrdaW2uZHiW2YrRcCjEoVIydBuBdh1ZeNG_2vucUf66Yi3mIa6pLZSO6gQ2tlFJX1fWumup6xocxlgSu3hMu3sWAo6__N53SeqjJPAJiB1yKOScczTn5BdJmODOP2Zk9O1OzM0_Zma1CcodyFYcJ0z8v_6H-ALKDntY</recordid><startdate>20230401</startdate><enddate>20230401</enddate><creator>Atibu, Emmanuel K.</creator><creator>Kamika, Ilunga</creator><creator>Mudogo, Celestin N.</creator><creator>Lusamba, Séraphin N.</creator><creator>Mulaji, Crispin K.</creator><creator>Carvalho, Fernando</creator><creator>Poté, John</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IAO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-6138</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-5908</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230401</creationdate><title>Quantification of heavy metals and mercury-resistant bacteria in artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites, Maniema region, Democratic Republic of the Congo</title><author>Atibu, Emmanuel K. ; Kamika, Ilunga ; Mudogo, Celestin N. ; Lusamba, Séraphin N. ; Mulaji, Crispin K. ; Carvalho, Fernando ; Poté, John</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-6be14435458da681972cccabc7c5388b55bbb05f3e62fb132294e400d9a177eb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Acinetobacter</topic><topic>Amplification</topic><topic>Arthrobacter</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bioremediation</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Cloning</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Drug resistance in microorganisms</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Fluvial sediments</topic><topic>Geoecology/Natural Processes</topic><topic>Gold</topic><topic>Gold industry</topic><topic>Gold mines & mining</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Heterotrophic bacteria</topic><topic>Isotopes</topic><topic>Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Mercury (metal)</topic><topic>Metal concentrations</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Natural Hazards</topic><topic>Polymorphism</topic><topic>Pseudomonas</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Restriction fragment length polymorphism</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>rRNA 16S</topic><topic>Sediment pollution</topic><topic>Sediment samplers</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Sediments (Geology)</topic><topic>Soil bacteria</topic><topic>Soil contamination</topic><topic>Soil microbiology</topic><topic>Soil microorganisms</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Soil resistance</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Strains (organisms)</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Atibu, Emmanuel K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamika, Ilunga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mudogo, Celestin N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lusamba, Séraphin N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulaji, Crispin K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poté, John</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale Academic OneFile</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>International Journal of Environmental Research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Atibu, Emmanuel K.</au><au>Kamika, Ilunga</au><au>Mudogo, Celestin N.</au><au>Lusamba, Séraphin N.</au><au>Mulaji, Crispin K.</au><au>Carvalho, Fernando</au><au>Poté, John</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantification of heavy metals and mercury-resistant bacteria in artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites, Maniema region, Democratic Republic of the Congo</atitle><jtitle>International Journal of Environmental Research</jtitle><stitle>Int J Environ Res</stitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><artnum>34</artnum><issn>1735-6865</issn><eissn>2008-2304</eissn><abstract>The eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo host large auriferous deposits that attracted artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. In this study, soil and sediment samples from the Ulindi River in Maniema region, where Hg is used for ASGM activities, were analyzed for heavy metals contamination and Hg-resistance bacteria. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry showed high As concentrations in soil and sediment samples, ranging from 7.63 to 55.43 mg kg
−1
. Except for As and Cr in soil samples, the concentrations of other metals (Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) were very low. The Hg concentrations determined with an advanced mercury analyzer, showed values ranging from 0.07 to 9.32 mg kg
−1
. Hg-resistant bacteria in soil and sediment samples were counted using bacterial cultures, and the Hg-resistant strains were characterized through PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning, and sequencing. The densities of heterotrophic bacteria populations in soil and sediments ranged from 2.88 to 33.36 CFU 10
6
g
−1
and from 0.10 to 14.26 CFU 10
6
g
−1
, respectively. The isolated bacterial strains from different sites were capable to grow in medium containing up to 68.1 and 136.1 μg mL
−1
of Hg
2+
in soil and sediment samples, respectively. Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence of bacterial strains from diverse groups which developed resistance to Hg:
Bacillus sp.
,
Bacillus cereus, Lysinibacillus fusiformis
,
Paenibacillus alvei
,
Paenibacillus sp.
,
Arthrobacter sp.
,
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Acinetobacter sp.
,
Aeromonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas sp.
,
Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis.
The isolated strains of Hg-resistant bacteria will be the subject of further research to evaluate their potential in bioremediation of Hg-contaminated soil/sediments.
Highlights
Heavy Metal concentrations were assessed in soil/sediment samples collected along Ulindi River.
ICP-MS and AAS indicated high concentrations of Cr, As and Hg.
Hg-resistant bacteria in soil/sediment samples were assessed using PCR amplification, 16S rDNA, RFLP, cloning and sequencing.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s41742-023-00524-y</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-6138</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7874-5908</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | International Journal of Environmental Research, 2023-04, Vol.17 (2), Article 34 |
| issn | 1735-6865 2008-2304 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Bioline International; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Acinetobacter Amplification Arthrobacter Bacteria Bioremediation Cadmium Chromium Cloning Contamination Copper Drug resistance in microorganisms Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental Management Fluvial sediments Geoecology/Natural Processes Gold Gold industry Gold mines & mining Heavy metals Heterotrophic bacteria Isotopes Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning Lead Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Mercury Mercury (metal) Metal concentrations Metals Natural Hazards Polymorphism Pseudomonas Research Paper Restriction fragment length polymorphism Rivers rRNA 16S Sediment pollution Sediment samplers Sediments Sediments (Geology) Soil bacteria Soil contamination Soil microbiology Soil microorganisms Soil pollution Soil resistance Soils Strains (organisms) Titanium Water analysis Zinc |
| title | Quantification of heavy metals and mercury-resistant bacteria in artisanal and small-scale gold mining sites, Maniema region, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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