Assessment of aquifer vulnerability in fractured rocks in the Abakaliki area, southeastern Nigeria, using geophysical and geological data
A combination of the integrated electrical conductivity (IEC), aquifer vulnerability index (AVI), and the groundwater hydraulic confinement-overlying strata-depth to water table (GOD) pollution indices were used to assess the vulnerability of the fractured rock aquifer in the Abakaliki area to pollu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2023-04, Vol.82 (7), p.171-171, Article 171 |
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| creator | Obasi, Ikenna A. Ahmed, Jamilu B. Anakwuba, Emmanuel K. Aigbadon, Godwin O. Akudo, Ernest O. Onwa, Nneka M. |
| description | A combination of the integrated electrical conductivity (IEC), aquifer vulnerability index (AVI), and the groundwater hydraulic confinement-overlying strata-depth to water table (GOD) pollution indices were used to assess the vulnerability of the fractured rock aquifer in the Abakaliki area to pollution from anthropogenic sources. The interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) data indicates that the topsoil ranges from laterite to silt to silty-clay. The geoelectric sections have varying numbers of layers (1–6 layers) with their resistivity ranges as 29–3949 Ω, 5–1631 Ωm, 0.35–3,767 Ωm, 2–7926 Ωm, and 1–3060 Ωm, respectively. These have been grouped into four main lithologic units, namely the topsoil, indurated/baked shale, fractured shale/sandstone (the aquiferous unit), and the consolidated sandstone units. The resistivity of the vadose zone (
R
VD
) ranges from 34 to 3383 Ωm with a mean value of ± 347 Ωm. The thickness of the vadose zone (
h
VD
) is generally thin ( 0.7) agree that they are extremely vulnerable. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-023-10851-0 |
| format | Article |
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R
VD
) ranges from 34 to 3383 Ωm with a mean value of ± 347 Ωm. The thickness of the vadose zone (
h
VD
) is generally thin (< 18 m), while their hydraulic conductivity (
k
) is relatively high (0.20–16.11 m/day) for argillaceous rocks. The IEC values (≤ 0.85
S
) suggest a weak to fair protective capacity for the vadose zone. The result of the hydraulic resistance (
HR
≤ 56) indicates that the underlying aquifer is high to extremely vulnerable, and the GOD values (> 0.7) agree that they are extremely vulnerable.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-023-10851-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic factors ; Aquifers ; Biogeosciences ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Electrical conductivity ; Electrical resistivity ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Geochemistry ; Geoelectricity ; Geological data ; Geology ; geophysics ; Groundwater ; Groundwater table ; Hydraulic conductivity ; hydraulic resistance ; Hydraulics ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Laterites ; Nigeria ; Original Article ; Pollution ; Pollution index ; risk assessment ; Rocks ; Sandstone ; Sedimentary rocks ; Shale ; Shales ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Topsoil ; Vadose water ; vadose zone ; Vulnerability ; Water depth ; Water pollution ; Water table</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2023-04, Vol.82 (7), p.171-171, Article 171</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a375t-2d5b06842ebe817c262e1312784088f00617c7aa1ead808dfa261ef09d0aa86c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a375t-2d5b06842ebe817c262e1312784088f00617c7aa1ead808dfa261ef09d0aa86c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4332-7102</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-023-10851-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-023-10851-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Obasi, Ikenna A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmed, Jamilu B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anakwuba, Emmanuel K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aigbadon, Godwin O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akudo, Ernest O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Onwa, Nneka M.</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of aquifer vulnerability in fractured rocks in the Abakaliki area, southeastern Nigeria, using geophysical and geological data</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>A combination of the integrated electrical conductivity (IEC), aquifer vulnerability index (AVI), and the groundwater hydraulic confinement-overlying strata-depth to water table (GOD) pollution indices were used to assess the vulnerability of the fractured rock aquifer in the Abakaliki area to pollution from anthropogenic sources. The interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) data indicates that the topsoil ranges from laterite to silt to silty-clay. The geoelectric sections have varying numbers of layers (1–6 layers) with their resistivity ranges as 29–3949 Ω, 5–1631 Ωm, 0.35–3,767 Ωm, 2–7926 Ωm, and 1–3060 Ωm, respectively. These have been grouped into four main lithologic units, namely the topsoil, indurated/baked shale, fractured shale/sandstone (the aquiferous unit), and the consolidated sandstone units. The resistivity of the vadose zone (
R
VD
) ranges from 34 to 3383 Ωm with a mean value of ± 347 Ωm. The thickness of the vadose zone (
h
VD
) is generally thin (< 18 m), while their hydraulic conductivity (
k
) is relatively high (0.20–16.11 m/day) for argillaceous rocks. The IEC values (≤ 0.85
S
) suggest a weak to fair protective capacity for the vadose zone. The result of the hydraulic resistance (
HR
≤ 56) indicates that the underlying aquifer is high to extremely vulnerable, and the GOD values (> 0.7) agree that they are extremely vulnerable.</description><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Electrical conductivity</subject><subject>Electrical resistivity</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geoelectricity</subject><subject>Geological data</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>geophysics</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater table</subject><subject>Hydraulic conductivity</subject><subject>hydraulic resistance</subject><subject>Hydraulics</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Laterites</subject><subject>Nigeria</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>risk assessment</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Sandstone</subject><subject>Sedimentary rocks</subject><subject>Shale</subject><subject>Shales</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Topsoil</subject><subject>Vadose water</subject><subject>vadose zone</subject><subject>Vulnerability</subject><subject>Water depth</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water 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and geological data</title><author>Obasi, Ikenna A. ; Ahmed, Jamilu B. ; Anakwuba, Emmanuel K. ; Aigbadon, Godwin O. ; Akudo, Ernest O. ; Onwa, Nneka M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a375t-2d5b06842ebe817c262e1312784088f00617c7aa1ead808dfa261ef09d0aa86c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Aquifers</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Electrical conductivity</topic><topic>Electrical resistivity</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geoelectricity</topic><topic>Geological data</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>geophysics</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater table</topic><topic>Hydraulic conductivity</topic><topic>hydraulic 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Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Obasi, Ikenna A.</au><au>Ahmed, Jamilu B.</au><au>Anakwuba, Emmanuel K.</au><au>Aigbadon, Godwin O.</au><au>Akudo, Ernest O.</au><au>Onwa, Nneka M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of aquifer vulnerability in fractured rocks in the Abakaliki area, southeastern Nigeria, using geophysical and geological data</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2023-04-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>171</spage><epage>171</epage><pages>171-171</pages><artnum>171</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>A combination of the integrated electrical conductivity (IEC), aquifer vulnerability index (AVI), and the groundwater hydraulic confinement-overlying strata-depth to water table (GOD) pollution indices were used to assess the vulnerability of the fractured rock aquifer in the Abakaliki area to pollution from anthropogenic sources. The interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) data indicates that the topsoil ranges from laterite to silt to silty-clay. The geoelectric sections have varying numbers of layers (1–6 layers) with their resistivity ranges as 29–3949 Ω, 5–1631 Ωm, 0.35–3,767 Ωm, 2–7926 Ωm, and 1–3060 Ωm, respectively. These have been grouped into four main lithologic units, namely the topsoil, indurated/baked shale, fractured shale/sandstone (the aquiferous unit), and the consolidated sandstone units. The resistivity of the vadose zone (
R
VD
) ranges from 34 to 3383 Ωm with a mean value of ± 347 Ωm. The thickness of the vadose zone (
h
VD
) is generally thin (< 18 m), while their hydraulic conductivity (
k
) is relatively high (0.20–16.11 m/day) for argillaceous rocks. The IEC values (≤ 0.85
S
) suggest a weak to fair protective capacity for the vadose zone. The result of the hydraulic resistance (
HR
≤ 56) indicates that the underlying aquifer is high to extremely vulnerable, and the GOD values (> 0.7) agree that they are extremely vulnerable.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-023-10851-0</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-7102</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anthropogenic factors Aquifers Biogeosciences Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity Environmental Science and Engineering Geochemistry Geoelectricity Geological data Geology geophysics Groundwater Groundwater table Hydraulic conductivity hydraulic resistance Hydraulics Hydrology/Water Resources Laterites Nigeria Original Article Pollution Pollution index risk assessment Rocks Sandstone Sedimentary rocks Shale Shales Terrestrial Pollution Topsoil Vadose water vadose zone Vulnerability Water depth Water pollution Water table |
| title | Assessment of aquifer vulnerability in fractured rocks in the Abakaliki area, southeastern Nigeria, using geophysical and geological data |
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