Sclerophyllous Forest Tree Growth Under the Influence of a Historic Megadrought in the Mediterranean Ecoregion of Chile
The Mediterranean-type Ecosystems of Central Chile is one of the most threatened regions in South America by global change, particularly evidenced by the historical megadrought that has occurred in central Chile since 2010. The sclerophyllous forest stands out, whose history and relationship with dr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecosystems (New York) 2023-03, Vol.26 (2), p.344-361 |
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| creator | Venegas-González, A. Muñoz, A. A. Carpintero-Gibson, S. González-Reyes, A. Schneider, I. Gipolou-Zuñiga, T. Aguilera-Betti, I. Roig, F. A. |
| description | The Mediterranean-type Ecosystems of Central Chile is one of the most threatened regions in South America by global change, particularly evidenced by the historical megadrought that has occurred in central Chile since 2010. The sclerophyllous forest stands out, whose history and relationship with drought conditions has been little studied.
Cryptocarya alba
and
Beilschmiedia miersii
(Lauraceae), two large endemic trees, represent an opportunity to analyze the incidence of intense droughts in the growth of sclerophyllous forests by analyzing their tree rings. Here, we considered > 400 trees from nineteen populations of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
growing across a latitudinal gradient (32°–35° S). To study the influence of local and large-scale climatic variability on tree growth, we first grouped the sites by species and explored the relationships between tree-growth patterns of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
with temperature, precipitation, and climate water deficit (CWD). Second, we performed Principal Component Analysis to detect common modes of variability and to explore relationships between growth patterns and their relationship to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), ENSO and SAM indices. We detected a breaking point as of 2002 at regional level, where a persistent and pronounced decrease in tree growth occurred, mainly influenced by the increase in CWD and the decrease in winter-spring rainfall. In addition, a positive (negative) relationship was showed between PC1 growth-PDSI and PC1 growth-ENSO (growth-SAM), that is, growth increases (decreases) in the same direction as PDSI and ENSO (SAM). Despite the fact that sclerophyllous populations are highly resistant to drought events, we suggest that the sclerophyllous populations studied here experienced a generalized growth decline, and possibly the natural dynamics of their forests have been altered, mainly due to the accumulating effects of the unprecedented drought since 2010.
Graphical abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10021-022-00760-x |
| format | Article |
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Cryptocarya alba
and
Beilschmiedia miersii
(Lauraceae), two large endemic trees, represent an opportunity to analyze the incidence of intense droughts in the growth of sclerophyllous forests by analyzing their tree rings. Here, we considered > 400 trees from nineteen populations of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
growing across a latitudinal gradient (32°–35° S). To study the influence of local and large-scale climatic variability on tree growth, we first grouped the sites by species and explored the relationships between tree-growth patterns of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
with temperature, precipitation, and climate water deficit (CWD). Second, we performed Principal Component Analysis to detect common modes of variability and to explore relationships between growth patterns and their relationship to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), ENSO and SAM indices. We detected a breaking point as of 2002 at regional level, where a persistent and pronounced decrease in tree growth occurred, mainly influenced by the increase in CWD and the decrease in winter-spring rainfall. In addition, a positive (negative) relationship was showed between PC1 growth-PDSI and PC1 growth-ENSO (growth-SAM), that is, growth increases (decreases) in the same direction as PDSI and ENSO (SAM). Despite the fact that sclerophyllous populations are highly resistant to drought events, we suggest that the sclerophyllous populations studied here experienced a generalized growth decline, and possibly the natural dynamics of their forests have been altered, mainly due to the accumulating effects of the unprecedented drought since 2010.
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Cryptocarya alba
and
Beilschmiedia miersii
(Lauraceae), two large endemic trees, represent an opportunity to analyze the incidence of intense droughts in the growth of sclerophyllous forests by analyzing their tree rings. Here, we considered > 400 trees from nineteen populations of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
growing across a latitudinal gradient (32°–35° S). To study the influence of local and large-scale climatic variability on tree growth, we first grouped the sites by species and explored the relationships between tree-growth patterns of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
with temperature, precipitation, and climate water deficit (CWD). Second, we performed Principal Component Analysis to detect common modes of variability and to explore relationships between growth patterns and their relationship to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), ENSO and SAM indices. We detected a breaking point as of 2002 at regional level, where a persistent and pronounced decrease in tree growth occurred, mainly influenced by the increase in CWD and the decrease in winter-spring rainfall. In addition, a positive (negative) relationship was showed between PC1 growth-PDSI and PC1 growth-ENSO (growth-SAM), that is, growth increases (decreases) in the same direction as PDSI and ENSO (SAM). Despite the fact that sclerophyllous populations are highly resistant to drought events, we suggest that the sclerophyllous populations studied here experienced a generalized growth decline, and possibly the natural dynamics of their forests have been altered, mainly due to the accumulating effects of the unprecedented drought since 2010.
Graphical abstract</description><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Dendrochronology</subject><subject>Dendroclimatology</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>El Nino</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Geoecology/Natural Processes</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Growth patterns</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Principal components analysis</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rain and rainfall</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Tree rings</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Water deficit</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>1432-9840</issn><issn>1435-0629</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctKxDAUhosoeH0BVwHX1SS9pUsZ1BFGXKjrkElO2gw1GU9a1Lc3MxXcuTkX-L9z4c-yS0avGaXNTUyRs5xynqe2pvnXQXbCyqLKac3bw33N81aU9Dg7jXFDKatEWZ5kny96AAzb_nsYwhTJfUCII3lFAPKA4XPsyZs3gGTsgTx6O0zgNZBgiSJLF8eATpMn6JTBMHX9SJzfS5_AuBEQlQflyZ1OYzsX_A5c9G6A8-zIqiHCxW8-y97u714Xy3z1_PC4uF3luqjEmFvK2qouOLD1WiutoKKgKuC6ZlyYBoxp67Is22YNBqywVDRGacPXtjZcibo4y67muVsMH1N6TW7ChD6tlLwRLaUt26uuZ1WnBpDO2zCi2u0z8O508GDTyfK2KXlF60bwBPAZ0BhiRLByi-5d4bdkVO4ckbMjMjki947IrwQVMxST2HeAf7f8Q_0ATYaQtQ</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Venegas-González, A.</creator><creator>Muñoz, A. 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A.</au><au>Carpintero-Gibson, S.</au><au>González-Reyes, A.</au><au>Schneider, I.</au><au>Gipolou-Zuñiga, T.</au><au>Aguilera-Betti, I.</au><au>Roig, F. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sclerophyllous Forest Tree Growth Under the Influence of a Historic Megadrought in the Mediterranean Ecoregion of Chile</atitle><jtitle>Ecosystems (New York)</jtitle><stitle>Ecosystems</stitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>344</spage><epage>361</epage><pages>344-361</pages><issn>1432-9840</issn><eissn>1435-0629</eissn><abstract>The Mediterranean-type Ecosystems of Central Chile is one of the most threatened regions in South America by global change, particularly evidenced by the historical megadrought that has occurred in central Chile since 2010. The sclerophyllous forest stands out, whose history and relationship with drought conditions has been little studied.
Cryptocarya alba
and
Beilschmiedia miersii
(Lauraceae), two large endemic trees, represent an opportunity to analyze the incidence of intense droughts in the growth of sclerophyllous forests by analyzing their tree rings. Here, we considered > 400 trees from nineteen populations of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
growing across a latitudinal gradient (32°–35° S). To study the influence of local and large-scale climatic variability on tree growth, we first grouped the sites by species and explored the relationships between tree-growth patterns of
C. alba
and
B. miersii
with temperature, precipitation, and climate water deficit (CWD). Second, we performed Principal Component Analysis to detect common modes of variability and to explore relationships between growth patterns and their relationship to Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), ENSO and SAM indices. We detected a breaking point as of 2002 at regional level, where a persistent and pronounced decrease in tree growth occurred, mainly influenced by the increase in CWD and the decrease in winter-spring rainfall. In addition, a positive (negative) relationship was showed between PC1 growth-PDSI and PC1 growth-ENSO (growth-SAM), that is, growth increases (decreases) in the same direction as PDSI and ENSO (SAM). Despite the fact that sclerophyllous populations are highly resistant to drought events, we suggest that the sclerophyllous populations studied here experienced a generalized growth decline, and possibly the natural dynamics of their forests have been altered, mainly due to the accumulating effects of the unprecedented drought since 2010.
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| subjects | Biomedical and Life Sciences Dendrochronology Dendroclimatology Drought Ecology Ecosystems El Nino Environmental Management Forests Geoecology/Natural Processes Growth Growth patterns Hydrology/Water Resources Life Sciences Plant Sciences Population studies Populations Principal components analysis Rain Rain and rainfall Rainfall Tree rings Trees Variability Water deficit Zoology |
| title | Sclerophyllous Forest Tree Growth Under the Influence of a Historic Megadrought in the Mediterranean Ecoregion of Chile |
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