Frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica
The aim of this study was to report the frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in 22 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), as well as whether the seropositivity for autoantibodies differs between anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) positive and AQP4 negative NMO patients. Demographic, medical...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Acta neuropsychiatrica 2017-06, Vol.29 (3), p.170-178 |
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| creator | Pereira, Wildéa Lice de Carvalho Jennings Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci Kallaur, Ana Paula Oliveira, Sayonara Rangel Simão, Andréa Name Colado Lozovoy, Marcell Alysson Batisti Schiavão, Lucas José Vaz Rodrigues, Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal Alfieri, Daniela Frizon Flauzino, Tamires Kaimen-Maciel, Damacio Ramón |
| description | The aim of this study was to report the frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in 22 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), as well as whether the seropositivity for autoantibodies differs between anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) positive and AQP4 negative NMO patients.
Demographic, medical records, and a profile of autoantibodies were evaluated in 22 NMO patients, including AQP4, anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic, anti-cyclic citrullinate peptide, rheumatoid factor, anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, anti-Smith antibodies (anti-Sm), anti-ribonucleoprotein, anti-nucleosome, and anti-Scl70. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxin were measured.
The frequency of women was higher than men (95.5% vs. 4.5%) and 68.2% were Afro-Brazilians. Six (27.3%) patients presented other autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis (n=2), Graves' disease (n=1), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=1), systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis (n=1), and Raynaud's phenomenon (n=1). The most frequent autoantibodies were anti-AQP4 (54.5%), anti-nucleosome (31.8%), ANA (27.3%), anti-TPO (22.7%), and anti-Tg (22.7%). Difference was not observed in the frequency of autoimmune disorders when the patients were compared according to their anti-AQP4 status.
The results of the present study underscored that the NMO patients present high frequency of autoantibodies against cellular antigens and the presence of autoimmune disorders. Further studies with large number of NMO patients may contribute to advances in the understanding of NMO disease mechanisms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/neu.2016.49 |
| format | Article |
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Demographic, medical records, and a profile of autoantibodies were evaluated in 22 NMO patients, including AQP4, anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic, anti-cyclic citrullinate peptide, rheumatoid factor, anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, anti-Smith antibodies (anti-Sm), anti-ribonucleoprotein, anti-nucleosome, and anti-Scl70. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxin were measured.
The frequency of women was higher than men (95.5% vs. 4.5%) and 68.2% were Afro-Brazilians. Six (27.3%) patients presented other autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis (n=2), Graves' disease (n=1), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=1), systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis (n=1), and Raynaud's phenomenon (n=1). The most frequent autoantibodies were anti-AQP4 (54.5%), anti-nucleosome (31.8%), ANA (27.3%), anti-TPO (22.7%), and anti-Tg (22.7%). Difference was not observed in the frequency of autoimmune disorders when the patients were compared according to their anti-AQP4 status.
The results of the present study underscored that the NMO patients present high frequency of autoantibodies against cellular antigens and the presence of autoimmune disorders. Further studies with large number of NMO patients may contribute to advances in the understanding of NMO disease mechanisms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0924-2708</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1601-5215</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/neu.2016.49</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27692000</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age ; Antibodies ; Antigens ; Aquaporin 4 - immunology ; Aquaporins ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Juvenile - complications ; Arthritis, Juvenile - epidemiology ; Arthritis, Juvenile - immunology ; Arthritis, Juvenile - pathology ; Autoantibodies - immunology ; Autoantigens ; Autoimmune diseases ; Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology ; Autoimmune Diseases - immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases - pathology ; Body mass index ; Brazil - epidemiology ; Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Infections ; Iodide Peroxidase ; Iron-Binding Proteins ; Laboratories ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - epidemiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuromyelitis Optica - complications ; Neuromyelitis Optica - epidemiology ; Neuromyelitis Optica - immunology ; Neuromyelitis Optica - pathology ; Original Articles ; Pathogenesis ; Scleroderma, Systemic - complications ; Scleroderma, Systemic - epidemiology ; Scleroderma, Systemic - immunology ; Scleroderma, Systemic - pathology ; Statistical analysis ; Thyroid gland ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - complications ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - epidemiology ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - immunology ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - pathology ; White people</subject><ispartof>Acta neuropsychiatrica, 2017-06, Vol.29 (3), p.170-178</ispartof><rights>Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-c73aa1d3476d290f781e9fc5b349f6a095f0e0662969560d98bbff8d3547b8b13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-c73aa1d3476d290f781e9fc5b349f6a095f0e0662969560d98bbff8d3547b8b13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924270816000491/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,27903,27904,55607</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27692000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Wildéa Lice de Carvalho Jennings</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kallaur, Ana Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Sayonara Rangel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simão, Andréa Name Colado</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lozovoy, Marcell Alysson Batisti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiavão, Lucas José Vaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodrigues, Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfieri, Daniela Frizon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flauzino, Tamires</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaimen-Maciel, Damacio Ramón</creatorcontrib><title>Frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica</title><title>Acta neuropsychiatrica</title><addtitle>Acta Neuropsychiatr</addtitle><description>The aim of this study was to report the frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in 22 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), as well as whether the seropositivity for autoantibodies differs between anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) positive and AQP4 negative NMO patients.
Demographic, medical records, and a profile of autoantibodies were evaluated in 22 NMO patients, including AQP4, anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic, anti-cyclic citrullinate peptide, rheumatoid factor, anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, anti-Smith antibodies (anti-Sm), anti-ribonucleoprotein, anti-nucleosome, and anti-Scl70. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxin were measured.
The frequency of women was higher than men (95.5% vs. 4.5%) and 68.2% were Afro-Brazilians. Six (27.3%) patients presented other autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis (n=2), Graves' disease (n=1), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=1), systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis (n=1), and Raynaud's phenomenon (n=1). The most frequent autoantibodies were anti-AQP4 (54.5%), anti-nucleosome (31.8%), ANA (27.3%), anti-TPO (22.7%), and anti-Tg (22.7%). Difference was not observed in the frequency of autoimmune disorders when the patients were compared according to their anti-AQP4 status.
The results of the present study underscored that the NMO patients present high frequency of autoantibodies against cellular antigens and the presence of autoimmune disorders. Further studies with large number of NMO patients may contribute to advances in the understanding of NMO disease mechanisms.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Aquaporin 4 - immunology</subject><subject>Aquaporins</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Arthritis, Juvenile - complications</subject><subject>Arthritis, Juvenile - epidemiology</subject><subject>Arthritis, Juvenile - immunology</subject><subject>Arthritis, Juvenile - pathology</subject><subject>Autoantibodies - immunology</subject><subject>Autoantigens</subject><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Brazil - epidemiology</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Iodide Peroxidase</subject><subject>Iron-Binding Proteins</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology</subject><subject>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuromyelitis Optica - complications</subject><subject>Neuromyelitis Optica - epidemiology</subject><subject>Neuromyelitis Optica - immunology</subject><subject>Neuromyelitis Optica - pathology</subject><subject>Original Articles</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Scleroderma, Systemic - complications</subject><subject>Scleroderma, Systemic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Scleroderma, Systemic - immunology</subject><subject>Scleroderma, Systemic - pathology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - complications</subject><subject>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - epidemiology</subject><subject>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - immunology</subject><subject>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - pathology</subject><subject>White people</subject><issn>0924-2708</issn><issn>1601-5215</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptkDFPwzAQRi0EoqUwsSNLjCjl7CR2PCJEAakSCywskRPb4KqJg-0I9d_j0gIL0w339L67D6FzAnMChF_3epxTIGxeiAM0JQxIVlJSHqIpCFpklEM1QSchrCDRAugxmlDOBAWAKXpdeP0x6r7dYGewHKOzXTf2GisbnFfaByx79b2QfbSNU1YHbHs8yGh1HwP-tPEdpxu86zZ6baMN2A3RtvIUHRm5DvpsP2foZXH3fPuQLZ_uH29vllmbl2XMWp5LSVRecKaoAMMrooVpyyYvhGESRGlAA2NUMFEyUKJqGmMqlZcFb6qG5DN0ufMO3qVXQqxXbvR9iqwpr7jIGRcsUVc7qvUuBK9NPXjbSb-pCdTbHuv0Q73tsS5Eoi_2zrHptPplf4pLQLbXya7xVr3pv9T_hF-zHH4o</recordid><startdate>201706</startdate><enddate>201706</enddate><creator>Pereira, Wildéa Lice de Carvalho Jennings</creator><creator>Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci</creator><creator>Kallaur, Ana Paula</creator><creator>Oliveira, Sayonara Rangel</creator><creator>Simão, Andréa Name Colado</creator><creator>Lozovoy, Marcell Alysson Batisti</creator><creator>Schiavão, Lucas José Vaz</creator><creator>Rodrigues, Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal</creator><creator>Alfieri, Daniela Frizon</creator><creator>Flauzino, Tamires</creator><creator>Kaimen-Maciel, Damacio Ramón</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201706</creationdate><title>Frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica</title><author>Pereira, Wildéa Lice de Carvalho Jennings ; Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci ; Kallaur, Ana Paula ; Oliveira, Sayonara Rangel ; Simão, Andréa Name Colado ; Lozovoy, Marcell Alysson Batisti ; Schiavão, Lucas José Vaz ; Rodrigues, Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal ; Alfieri, Daniela Frizon ; Flauzino, Tamires ; Kaimen-Maciel, Damacio Ramón</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-c73aa1d3476d290f781e9fc5b349f6a095f0e0662969560d98bbff8d3547b8b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Aquaporin 4 - immunology</topic><topic>Aquaporins</topic><topic>Arthritis</topic><topic>Arthritis, Juvenile - complications</topic><topic>Arthritis, Juvenile - epidemiology</topic><topic>Arthritis, Juvenile - immunology</topic><topic>Arthritis, Juvenile - pathology</topic><topic>Autoantibodies - immunology</topic><topic>Autoantigens</topic><topic>Autoimmune diseases</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Brazil - epidemiology</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Iodide Peroxidase</topic><topic>Iron-Binding Proteins</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology</topic><topic>Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuromyelitis Optica - complications</topic><topic>Neuromyelitis Optica - epidemiology</topic><topic>Neuromyelitis Optica - immunology</topic><topic>Neuromyelitis Optica - pathology</topic><topic>Original Articles</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Scleroderma, Systemic - complications</topic><topic>Scleroderma, Systemic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Scleroderma, Systemic - immunology</topic><topic>Scleroderma, Systemic - pathology</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Thyroid gland</topic><topic>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - complications</topic><topic>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - epidemiology</topic><topic>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - immunology</topic><topic>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - pathology</topic><topic>White people</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Wildéa Lice de Carvalho Jennings</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kallaur, Ana Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Sayonara Rangel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simão, Andréa Name Colado</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lozovoy, Marcell Alysson Batisti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiavão, Lucas José Vaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodrigues, Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfieri, Daniela Frizon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flauzino, Tamires</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaimen-Maciel, Damacio Ramón</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Acta neuropsychiatrica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pereira, Wildéa Lice de Carvalho Jennings</au><au>Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci</au><au>Kallaur, Ana Paula</au><au>Oliveira, Sayonara Rangel</au><au>Simão, Andréa Name Colado</au><au>Lozovoy, Marcell Alysson Batisti</au><au>Schiavão, Lucas José Vaz</au><au>Rodrigues, Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal</au><au>Alfieri, Daniela Frizon</au><au>Flauzino, Tamires</au><au>Kaimen-Maciel, Damacio Ramón</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica</atitle><jtitle>Acta neuropsychiatrica</jtitle><addtitle>Acta Neuropsychiatr</addtitle><date>2017-06</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>170</spage><epage>178</epage><pages>170-178</pages><issn>0924-2708</issn><eissn>1601-5215</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study was to report the frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in 22 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO), as well as whether the seropositivity for autoantibodies differs between anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) positive and AQP4 negative NMO patients.
Demographic, medical records, and a profile of autoantibodies were evaluated in 22 NMO patients, including AQP4, anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic, anti-cyclic citrullinate peptide, rheumatoid factor, anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, anti-Smith antibodies (anti-Sm), anti-ribonucleoprotein, anti-nucleosome, and anti-Scl70. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxin were measured.
The frequency of women was higher than men (95.5% vs. 4.5%) and 68.2% were Afro-Brazilians. Six (27.3%) patients presented other autoimmune disorders, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis (n=2), Graves' disease (n=1), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=1), systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis (n=1), and Raynaud's phenomenon (n=1). The most frequent autoantibodies were anti-AQP4 (54.5%), anti-nucleosome (31.8%), ANA (27.3%), anti-TPO (22.7%), and anti-Tg (22.7%). Difference was not observed in the frequency of autoimmune disorders when the patients were compared according to their anti-AQP4 status.
The results of the present study underscored that the NMO patients present high frequency of autoantibodies against cellular antigens and the presence of autoimmune disorders. Further studies with large number of NMO patients may contribute to advances in the understanding of NMO disease mechanisms.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>27692000</pmid><doi>10.1017/neu.2016.49</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Age Antibodies Antigens Aquaporin 4 - immunology Aquaporins Arthritis Arthritis, Juvenile - complications Arthritis, Juvenile - epidemiology Arthritis, Juvenile - immunology Arthritis, Juvenile - pathology Autoantibodies - immunology Autoantigens Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Diseases - epidemiology Autoimmune Diseases - immunology Autoimmune Diseases - pathology Body mass index Brazil - epidemiology Disease Female Humans Infections Iodide Peroxidase Iron-Binding Proteins Laboratories Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - complications Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - epidemiology Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - pathology Male Middle Aged Neuromyelitis Optica - complications Neuromyelitis Optica - epidemiology Neuromyelitis Optica - immunology Neuromyelitis Optica - pathology Original Articles Pathogenesis Scleroderma, Systemic - complications Scleroderma, Systemic - epidemiology Scleroderma, Systemic - immunology Scleroderma, Systemic - pathology Statistical analysis Thyroid gland Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - complications Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - epidemiology Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - immunology Thyroiditis, Autoimmune - pathology White people |
| title | Frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica |
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