A multi‐proxy study of Umbric Ferralsols genesis in a high‐mountain environment in Rio de Janeiro state

The formation of strongly weathered soils of the tropics (Ferralsols) with high carbon stocks (thick A‐horizon/umbric horizon) is still not understood. In order to contribute to the understanding of the formation of Umbric Ferralsols, we studied these soils in the highlands of Rio de Janeiro state (...

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Veröffentlicht in:Earth surface processes and landforms 2023-03, Vol.48 (4), p.721-734
Hauptverfasser: Pereira, Marcos Gervasio, Silva, Rafael Cipriano, Pinheiro Junior, Carlos Roberto, Silva Neto, Eduardo Carvalho, Fontana, Ademir, Schiavo, Jolimar Antonio, Carvalho Maranhão, Deyvid Diego, Azevedo, Antônio Carlos, Pacheco, Anderson Almeida
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container_title Earth surface processes and landforms
container_volume 48
creator Pereira, Marcos Gervasio
Silva, Rafael Cipriano
Pinheiro Junior, Carlos Roberto
Silva Neto, Eduardo Carvalho
Fontana, Ademir
Schiavo, Jolimar Antonio
Carvalho Maranhão, Deyvid Diego
Azevedo, Antônio Carlos
Pacheco, Anderson Almeida
description The formation of strongly weathered soils of the tropics (Ferralsols) with high carbon stocks (thick A‐horizon/umbric horizon) is still not understood. In order to contribute to the understanding of the formation of Umbric Ferralsols, we studied these soils in the highlands of Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) from various perspectives. We analysed soil morphology, micromorphology, physical and chemical soil attributes, soil phytolith assemblages, and δ13C isotopic composition in a multi‐proxy study. The profiles presented ferralic horizons with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (ki index) 
doi_str_mv 10.1002/esp.5513
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In order to contribute to the understanding of the formation of Umbric Ferralsols, we studied these soils in the highlands of Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) from various perspectives. We analysed soil morphology, micromorphology, physical and chemical soil attributes, soil phytolith assemblages, and δ13C isotopic composition in a multi‐proxy study. The profiles presented ferralic horizons with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (ki index) &lt; 1.0, low silt/clay ratio values, predominance of kaolinite and presence of gibbsite, and low cation exchange capacity. These characteristics indicate a high degree of weathering and ferralitization. The isotopic and phytolithic variations indicate climatic modifications during the Late Holocene (approximately 2300 years ago), with a predominance of mixed vegetation composed of plants of the C3 and C4 photosynthetic cycles. This condition favoured the accumulation of organic matter in the Umbric Ferralsols. The accumulation of organic matter in subsurface B horizons occurred under drier past climatic conditions in a savanna environment, which may have favoured the occurrence of fires, thereby explaining the charcoal fragments identified in the micromorphological analyses. In contrast, the development of the umbric horizon in the profiles was favoured under wetter environmental conditions than the present environmental conditions, and favoured the development of vegetation and intense accumulation of organic material on the surface and at depths close to 100 cm. The pedogenesis of umbric horizons in Ferralsols reinforces the importance of bioturbation in the incorporation of organic matter, intensifying the humification and resulting in a strong darkening of the soil (melanization). 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In order to contribute to the understanding of the formation of Umbric Ferralsols, we studied these soils in the highlands of Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) from various perspectives. We analysed soil morphology, micromorphology, physical and chemical soil attributes, soil phytolith assemblages, and δ13C isotopic composition in a multi‐proxy study. The profiles presented ferralic horizons with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (ki index) &lt; 1.0, low silt/clay ratio values, predominance of kaolinite and presence of gibbsite, and low cation exchange capacity. These characteristics indicate a high degree of weathering and ferralitization. The isotopic and phytolithic variations indicate climatic modifications during the Late Holocene (approximately 2300 years ago), with a predominance of mixed vegetation composed of plants of the C3 and C4 photosynthetic cycles. This condition favoured the accumulation of organic matter in the Umbric Ferralsols. The accumulation of organic matter in subsurface B horizons occurred under drier past climatic conditions in a savanna environment, which may have favoured the occurrence of fires, thereby explaining the charcoal fragments identified in the micromorphological analyses. In contrast, the development of the umbric horizon in the profiles was favoured under wetter environmental conditions than the present environmental conditions, and favoured the development of vegetation and intense accumulation of organic material on the surface and at depths close to 100 cm. The pedogenesis of umbric horizons in Ferralsols reinforces the importance of bioturbation in the incorporation of organic matter, intensifying the humification and resulting in a strong darkening of the soil (melanization). 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Silva, Rafael Cipriano ; Pinheiro Junior, Carlos Roberto ; Silva Neto, Eduardo Carvalho ; Fontana, Ademir ; Schiavo, Jolimar Antonio ; Carvalho Maranhão, Deyvid Diego ; Azevedo, Antônio Carlos ; Pacheco, Anderson Almeida</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a2773-3ebcaeacc1e4d71685918180faa5f771f540bac7521206df2c23bed9f42ad0c73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Accumulation</topic><topic>Aluminum oxide</topic><topic>Bayer process</topic><topic>Bioturbation</topic><topic>Cation exchange</topic><topic>Cation exchanging</topic><topic>Cations</topic><topic>Charcoal</topic><topic>Climatic conditions</topic><topic>Environmental conditions</topic><topic>Exchange capacity</topic><topic>ferralitization</topic><topic>Gibbsite</topic><topic>Holocene</topic><topic>Horizon</topic><topic>Humification</topic><topic>Isotope composition</topic><topic>Kaolinite</topic><topic>Mountain environments</topic><topic>organic carbon</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>paleoenvironment evolution</topic><topic>pedogenesis</topic><topic>Photosynthesis</topic><topic>Plants (botany)</topic><topic>Silica</topic><topic>Silicon dioxide</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil analysis</topic><topic>Soil chemistry</topic><topic>Soil formation</topic><topic>Soil morphology</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Stocks</topic><topic>Tropical environments</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Weathering</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Marcos Gervasio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Rafael Cipriano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pinheiro Junior, Carlos Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva Neto, Eduardo Carvalho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fontana, Ademir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiavo, Jolimar Antonio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho Maranhão, Deyvid Diego</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azevedo, Antônio Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacheco, Anderson Almeida</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; 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In order to contribute to the understanding of the formation of Umbric Ferralsols, we studied these soils in the highlands of Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) from various perspectives. We analysed soil morphology, micromorphology, physical and chemical soil attributes, soil phytolith assemblages, and δ13C isotopic composition in a multi‐proxy study. The profiles presented ferralic horizons with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (ki index) &lt; 1.0, low silt/clay ratio values, predominance of kaolinite and presence of gibbsite, and low cation exchange capacity. These characteristics indicate a high degree of weathering and ferralitization. The isotopic and phytolithic variations indicate climatic modifications during the Late Holocene (approximately 2300 years ago), with a predominance of mixed vegetation composed of plants of the C3 and C4 photosynthetic cycles. This condition favoured the accumulation of organic matter in the Umbric Ferralsols. The accumulation of organic matter in subsurface B horizons occurred under drier past climatic conditions in a savanna environment, which may have favoured the occurrence of fires, thereby explaining the charcoal fragments identified in the micromorphological analyses. In contrast, the development of the umbric horizon in the profiles was favoured under wetter environmental conditions than the present environmental conditions, and favoured the development of vegetation and intense accumulation of organic material on the surface and at depths close to 100 cm. The pedogenesis of umbric horizons in Ferralsols reinforces the importance of bioturbation in the incorporation of organic matter, intensifying the humification and resulting in a strong darkening of the soil (melanization). A multi‐proxy study combining soil morphology, micromorphology, physical and chemical analysis and soil phytoliths of Umbric Ferralsols genesis in a high‐mountain environment in Rio de Janeiro state.</abstract><cop>Bognor Regis</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/esp.5513</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-3612</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects Accumulation
Aluminum oxide
Bayer process
Bioturbation
Cation exchange
Cation exchanging
Cations
Charcoal
Climatic conditions
Environmental conditions
Exchange capacity
ferralitization
Gibbsite
Holocene
Horizon
Humification
Isotope composition
Kaolinite
Mountain environments
organic carbon
Organic matter
paleoenvironment evolution
pedogenesis
Photosynthesis
Plants (botany)
Silica
Silicon dioxide
Soil
Soil analysis
Soil chemistry
Soil formation
Soil morphology
Soils
Stocks
Tropical environments
Vegetation
Weathering
title A multi‐proxy study of Umbric Ferralsols genesis in a high‐mountain environment in Rio de Janeiro state
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