Application of black cumin Nigella sativa as immunostimulant for the prevention of White Spot Disease in Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

White spot disease (WSD) is a serious problem for Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in the world. Therefore, some efforts to prevent WSD are needed, including through the application of immunostimulants. This study aims to obtain the best dose of black cumin for the duration...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 2023-02, Vol.16 (1), p.447-456
Hauptverfasser:	Lesmanawati, Wida, Manalu, Wasmen, Suprayudi, Muhammad A, Rahminiwati, Min, Nuryati, Sri
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Aquariums Blood cells Data analysis Disease Duration Husbandry diseases Immunity Immunostimulants Infections Litopenaeus vannamei Mortality Nigella sativa Parameters Prevention Variance analysis White spot disease White spot syndrome White spot syndrome virus
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