Calibration and thermal test results of prototype bolometer sensors for ITER fusion reactor
For over 10 years, several bolometer sensors with different properties have been tested in the IBOVAC facility. The aim has been to develop a bolometer sensor that can be operated in ITER and can withstand harsh operating conditions. For this purpose, important physical properties of the sensors, i....
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Veröffentlicht in: | Review of scientific instruments 2023-03, Vol.94 (3), p.033503-033503 |
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description | For over 10 years, several bolometer sensors with different properties have been tested in the IBOVAC facility. The aim has been to develop a bolometer sensor that can be operated in ITER and can withstand harsh operating conditions. For this purpose, important physical properties of the sensors, i.e., cooling time constant τ, normalized heat capacity κ, and normalized sensitivity sn, have been characterized in a vacuum condition and at various temperatures up to 300 °C. The calibration is achieved by ohmic heating of the sensor absorbers by applying a DC voltage and recording exponential current fall during heating. Recently, a Python program was developed to analyze the data and extract the above mentioned parameters including the uncertainties from recorded currents. In the present series of experiments, the latest prototype sensors developed for ITER are tested and evaluated. These include three different sensor types: two with Au absorbers on ZrO2 membranes (self-supporting substrate sensors) and one with Au absorbers on Si3N4 membranes supported by a Si frame (supported membrane sensors). Tests revealed that the sensor with ZrO2 substrate can only be operated up to 150 °C, while the supported membrane sensors passed the tests up to 300 °C successfully. These results will be used, together with other upcoming tests, such as irradiation testing, to select the most suitable sensors to be employed in ITER. |
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The aim has been to develop a bolometer sensor that can be operated in ITER and can withstand harsh operating conditions. For this purpose, important physical properties of the sensors, i.e., cooling time constant τ, normalized heat capacity κ, and normalized sensitivity sn, have been characterized in a vacuum condition and at various temperatures up to 300 °C. The calibration is achieved by ohmic heating of the sensor absorbers by applying a DC voltage and recording exponential current fall during heating. Recently, a Python program was developed to analyze the data and extract the above mentioned parameters including the uncertainties from recorded currents. In the present series of experiments, the latest prototype sensors developed for ITER are tested and evaluated. These include three different sensor types: two with Au absorbers on ZrO2 membranes (self-supporting substrate sensors) and one with Au absorbers on Si3N4 membranes supported by a Si frame (supported membrane sensors). Tests revealed that the sensor with ZrO2 substrate can only be operated up to 150 °C, while the supported membrane sensors passed the tests up to 300 °C successfully. These results will be used, together with other upcoming tests, such as irradiation testing, to select the most suitable sensors to be employed in ITER.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0034-6748</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7623</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/5.0134449</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37012795</identifier><identifier>CODEN: RSINAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Absorbers ; Bolometers ; Calibration ; Fusion reactors ; Heating ; Membranes ; Nuclear power plants ; Parameter uncertainty ; Physical properties ; Prototypes ; Sensors ; Substrates ; Time constant ; Zirconium dioxide</subject><ispartof>Review of scientific instruments, 2023-03, Vol.94 (3), p.033503-033503</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2023 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-3937ac46128d1aea74d17ad391560ca12d656223216b6b941eb78645fec244453</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-3937ac46128d1aea74d17ad391560ca12d656223216b6b941eb78645fec244453</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4997-0625 ; 0000-0002-7090-828X ; 0000-0003-3751-7612 ; 0000-0002-0146-9674</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.aip.org/rsi/article-lookup/doi/10.1063/5.0134449$$EHTML$$P50$$Gscitation$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,794,4509,27922,27923,76154</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37012795$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jahanbakhsh, Sina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hare, Jack Davies</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meister, Hans</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ingesson, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majewski, Marcin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Penzel, Florian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmitt, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walach, Ulrich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubois, Marc</creatorcontrib><title>Calibration and thermal test results of prototype bolometer sensors for ITER fusion reactor</title><title>Review of scientific instruments</title><addtitle>Rev Sci Instrum</addtitle><description>For over 10 years, several bolometer sensors with different properties have been tested in the IBOVAC facility. The aim has been to develop a bolometer sensor that can be operated in ITER and can withstand harsh operating conditions. For this purpose, important physical properties of the sensors, i.e., cooling time constant τ, normalized heat capacity κ, and normalized sensitivity sn, have been characterized in a vacuum condition and at various temperatures up to 300 °C. The calibration is achieved by ohmic heating of the sensor absorbers by applying a DC voltage and recording exponential current fall during heating. Recently, a Python program was developed to analyze the data and extract the above mentioned parameters including the uncertainties from recorded currents. In the present series of experiments, the latest prototype sensors developed for ITER are tested and evaluated. These include three different sensor types: two with Au absorbers on ZrO2 membranes (self-supporting substrate sensors) and one with Au absorbers on Si3N4 membranes supported by a Si frame (supported membrane sensors). Tests revealed that the sensor with ZrO2 substrate can only be operated up to 150 °C, while the supported membrane sensors passed the tests up to 300 °C successfully. These results will be used, together with other upcoming tests, such as irradiation testing, to select the most suitable sensors to be employed in ITER.</description><subject>Absorbers</subject><subject>Bolometers</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Fusion reactors</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Membranes</subject><subject>Nuclear power plants</subject><subject>Parameter uncertainty</subject><subject>Physical properties</subject><subject>Prototypes</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Time constant</subject><subject>Zirconium dioxide</subject><issn>0034-6748</issn><issn>1089-7623</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90E9LwzAYBvAgipt_Dn4BCXhRoTNvkqbtUcbUwUCQefJQ0jTFjrapSSrs25u5qSBoLrn8eHjeB6EzIBMggt3EEwKMc57toTGQNIsSQdk-GhPCeCQSno7QkXMrEl4McIhGLCFAkyweo5epbOrCSl-bDsuuxP5V21Y22GvnsdVuaLzDpsK9Nd74da9xYRrTaq8tdrpzxjpcGYvny9kTrga3ybFaKm_sCTqoZOP06e4_Rs93s-X0IVo83s-nt4tIcUh9xDKWSMUF0LQEqWXCS0hkyTKIBVESaCliQSmjIApRZBx0kaSCx5VWNBwds2N0uc0NHd-G0Dtva6d008hOm8Hlm0uZoIJBoBe_6MoMtgvtgkpJlgnG06CutkpZ45zVVd7bupV2nQPJN4vncb5bPNjzXeJQtLr8ll8TB3C9BU7V_nPnf9P-xO_G_sC8Lyv2AXbtlcc</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Jahanbakhsh, Sina</creator><creator>Hare, Jack Davies</creator><creator>Meister, Hans</creator><creator>Ingesson, Christian</creator><creator>Majewski, Marcin</creator><creator>Penzel, Florian</creator><creator>Schmitt, Stefan</creator><creator>Walach, Ulrich</creator><creator>Dubois, Marc</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>AJDQP</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-0625</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-828X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3751-7612</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-9674</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230301</creationdate><title>Calibration and thermal test results of prototype bolometer sensors for ITER fusion reactor</title><author>Jahanbakhsh, Sina ; Hare, Jack Davies ; Meister, Hans ; Ingesson, Christian ; Majewski, Marcin ; Penzel, Florian ; Schmitt, Stefan ; Walach, Ulrich ; Dubois, Marc</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-3937ac46128d1aea74d17ad391560ca12d656223216b6b941eb78645fec244453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Absorbers</topic><topic>Bolometers</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Fusion reactors</topic><topic>Heating</topic><topic>Membranes</topic><topic>Nuclear power plants</topic><topic>Parameter uncertainty</topic><topic>Physical properties</topic><topic>Prototypes</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Time constant</topic><topic>Zirconium dioxide</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jahanbakhsh, Sina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hare, Jack Davies</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meister, Hans</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ingesson, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majewski, Marcin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Penzel, Florian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmitt, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walach, Ulrich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubois, Marc</creatorcontrib><collection>AIP Open Access Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Review of scientific instruments</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jahanbakhsh, Sina</au><au>Hare, Jack Davies</au><au>Meister, Hans</au><au>Ingesson, Christian</au><au>Majewski, Marcin</au><au>Penzel, Florian</au><au>Schmitt, Stefan</au><au>Walach, Ulrich</au><au>Dubois, Marc</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Calibration and thermal test results of prototype bolometer sensors for ITER fusion reactor</atitle><jtitle>Review of scientific instruments</jtitle><addtitle>Rev Sci Instrum</addtitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>94</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>033503</spage><epage>033503</epage><pages>033503-033503</pages><issn>0034-6748</issn><eissn>1089-7623</eissn><coden>RSINAK</coden><abstract>For over 10 years, several bolometer sensors with different properties have been tested in the IBOVAC facility. The aim has been to develop a bolometer sensor that can be operated in ITER and can withstand harsh operating conditions. For this purpose, important physical properties of the sensors, i.e., cooling time constant τ, normalized heat capacity κ, and normalized sensitivity sn, have been characterized in a vacuum condition and at various temperatures up to 300 °C. The calibration is achieved by ohmic heating of the sensor absorbers by applying a DC voltage and recording exponential current fall during heating. Recently, a Python program was developed to analyze the data and extract the above mentioned parameters including the uncertainties from recorded currents. In the present series of experiments, the latest prototype sensors developed for ITER are tested and evaluated. These include three different sensor types: two with Au absorbers on ZrO2 membranes (self-supporting substrate sensors) and one with Au absorbers on Si3N4 membranes supported by a Si frame (supported membrane sensors). Tests revealed that the sensor with ZrO2 substrate can only be operated up to 150 °C, while the supported membrane sensors passed the tests up to 300 °C successfully. These results will be used, together with other upcoming tests, such as irradiation testing, to select the most suitable sensors to be employed in ITER.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><pmid>37012795</pmid><doi>10.1063/5.0134449</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-0625</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-828X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3751-7612</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-9674</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Absorbers Bolometers Calibration Fusion reactors Heating Membranes Nuclear power plants Parameter uncertainty Physical properties Prototypes Sensors Substrates Time constant Zirconium dioxide |
title | Calibration and thermal test results of prototype bolometer sensors for ITER fusion reactor |
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